Violence, Inequity, and Their Impact on Health and Access to Healthcare Services Among the Elderly Population of Bogotá

Carlos Alberto Cano-Gutiérrez; Diego Andrés Chavarro-Carvajal; Julián Andrés Sucerquia-Quintero

doi:10.3390/ijerph22101555

Violence, Inequity, and Their Impact on Health and Access to Healthcare Services Among the Elderly Population of Bogotá

Título traducido de la contribución: Violencia, inequidad y su impacto en Salud y acceso a Servicios de Salud en población adulta mayor de Bogotá

Carlos Alberto Cano-Gutiérrez, Diego Andrés Chavarro-Carvajal, Julián Andrés Sucerquia-Quintero

Producción: Contribución a una revista › Artículo › revisión exhaustiva

Resumen

Objetivo: Este estudio explora la prevalencia de la violencia y el desplazamiento forzado como indicadores de desigualdad entre la población de edad avanzada de Bogotá, con especial atención a cómo estos factores afectan a su salud y al acceso a los servicios de atención sanitaria.

Métodos: Se trata de un análisis secunario de la encuesta SABE-Bogotá. El diseño consistió en una muestra probabilística por conglomerados de 2000 personas de 60 años o más. El estudio fue realizado por el Instituto del Envejecimiento de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana y copatrocinado por Colciencias. Las variables de interés fueron el desplazamiento y las experiencias de violencia, evaluadas mediante autoinformes. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de todas las variables, calculando distribuciones de frecuencia simples. Posteriormente, se realizaron análisis de dependencia y asociación utilizando chi-cuadrado, pruebas T y regresiones logísticas multivariadas, según cada caso.

Resultados: El 43,32 % de los sujetos fueron víctimas de algún tipo de violencia en el último año, entre las que el lenguaje ofensivo fue uno de los más frecuentes. Las personas con depresión grave (OR 2,10 [1,21-3,65]) y las que habían sido víctimas de desplazamiento (OR 2,55, IC 95 % [1,65-3,95]) tenían el mayor riesgo de sufrir violencia. Los resultados revelan una correlación directa entre estas experiencias y las condiciones de salud preexistentes. Por ejemplo, la depresión grave y los antecedentes de desplazamiento se asociaron con un mayor riesgo de sufrir violencia, mientras que el riesgo de desplazamiento era mayor entre las personas con diabetes, depresión grave y, lo que es más importante, aquellas que carecían de acceso a un seguro médico.

Conclusión: Un alto porcentaje de la población anciana de la ciudad de Bogotá ha sido víctima de diferentes tipos de violencia, incluidas las relacionadas con el conflicto armado y el desplazamiento forzado, que es una forma particular y exclusiva de violencia que sufre este grupo de personas. Estos hallazgos sugieren que la violencia y el desplazamiento son determinantes sociales de la salud que agravan las desigualdades, lo que subraya la necesidad de políticas de salud más inclusivas y de mejorar el acceso a la atención médica para esta población vulnerable.

Título traducido de la contribución	Violencia, inequidad y su impacto en Salud y acceso a Servicios de Salud en población adulta mayor de Bogotá
Idioma original	Inglés
Número de artículo	1555
Páginas (desde-hasta)	1
Número de páginas	19
Publicación	International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Volumen	22
N.º	10
DOI	https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22101555
Estado	Publicada - 13 oct. 2025
Evento	IX Congreso Latinoamericano y del Caribe de la Asociación Internacional de Gerontología y Geriatría - Forum, Medellin, Colombia Duración: 17 may. 2023 → 20 may. 2023

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Este resultado contribuye a los siguientes Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible

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10.3390/ijerph22101555

https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/22/10/1555/pdfLicencia: Sin especificar

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Violence, inequity and their impact on health and access to helathcare services

Realización de la encuesta de salud, bienestar y envejecimiento (SABE) en Bogotá. D.C.
Cano-Gutierrez, C. (Investigador principal), Chavarro Carvajal, D. A. (Coinvestigador), Giraldo Villate, C. I. (Coinvestigador), Gomez Gutierrez, L. F. (Coinvestigador), Gomez Restrepo, C. (Coinvestigador), Heredia Ramirez, R. A. (Coinvestigador), Matallana Eslava, D. (Coinvestigador), Rodriguez Malagón, N. (Coinvestigador), Ruiz Morales, A. D. J. (Coinvestigador), Caicedo Correa, S. M. (Asistente), Lozano Rengifo, M. J. (Asistente), Hoyos Porto, S. D. J. (Asistente), Arciniegas Rubio, A. J. L. (Asistente), Porras Rosero, H. E. (Asistente), Guerra, J. C. (Asistente), Medina Vargas, M. R. (Coinvestigador), Borda Borda, M. G. (Asistente), Santana Porras, J. D. (Asistente), Soler Rangel, S. V. (Asistente), Samper Ternent, R. A. (Asistente), Isaza Salcedo, M. (Asistente), Caicedo Soler, D. (Asistente), Cañon Esquivel, A. P. (Asistente), Castro Angulo, A. C. (Asistente), Guevara Alvarez, L. V. (Asistente), Rodríguez Gómez, E. (Asistente), Hurtado, C. (Asistente) & Rangel, N. (Asistente)
18/07/12 → 31/01/14
Proyecto: Investigación

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@article{b10d2a8de51d48488f09963c7fb0ee8a,

title = "Violence, Inequity, and Their Impact on Health and Access to Healthcare Services Among the Elderly Population of Bogot{\'a}",

abstract = "Objective: This study explores the prevalence of violence and forced displacement as indicators of inequity among Bogot{\'a}{\textquoteright}s elderly population, with a particular focus on how these factors affect their health and access to healthcare services. Methods: This is a subsidiary analysis of the SABE-Bogot{\'a} survey. The design was a probabilistic cluster sample of 2000 people aged 60 and over. The study was carried out by the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana{\textquoteright}s Institute on Aging and cosponsored by Colciencias. The variables of interest were displacement and experiences of violence, assessed through self-reporting. A descriptive analysis of all variables was performed, calculating simple frequency distributions. Subsequently, dependency and association analyses were performed using Chi-square, T-tests, and multivariate logistic regressions, depending on each case. Results: 43.32\% of the subjects were victims of some type of violence in the last year, among which offensive language was one of the most frequent. Individuals with severe depression (OR 2.10 [1.21–3.65]) and those who had been victims of displacement (OR 2.55, CI 95\% [1.65–3.95]) had the highest risk of violence. The results reveal a direct correlation between these experiences and pre-existing health conditions. For instance, severe depression and a history of displacement were associated with a higher risk of experiencing violence, while the risk of displacement was higher among individuals with diabetes, severe depression, and, crucially, those who lacked access to health insurance. Conclusion: A high percentage of the elderly population in the city of Bogot{\'a} has been victims of different types of violence, including ones related to armed conflict and forced displacement, which is a particular and exclusive form of violence suffered by this group of people. These findings suggest that violence and displacement are social determinants of health that exacerbate inequities, underscoring the need for more inclusive health policies and improved access to medical care for this vulnerable population. ",

keywords = "violence, health inequities, aged",

author = "Cano-Guti{\'e}rrez, \{Carlos Alberto\} and Chavarro-Carvajal, \{Diego Andr{\'e}s\} and Sucerquia-Quintero, \{Juli{\'a}n Andr{\'e}s\}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025 by the authors.; IX Congreso Latinoamericano y del Caribe de la Asociaci{\'o}n Internacional de Gerontolog{\'i}a y Geriatr{\'i}a ; Conference date: 17-05-2023 Through 20-05-2023",

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Violence, Inequity, and Their Impact on Health and Access to Healthcare Services Among the Elderly Population of Bogotá. / Cano-Gutiérrez, Carlos Alberto ; Chavarro-Carvajal, Diego Andrés; Sucerquia-Quintero, Julián Andrés.
En: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol. 22, N.º 10, 1555, 13.10.2025, p. 1.

Producción: Contribución a una revista › Artículo › revisión exhaustiva

TY - JOUR

T1 - Violence, Inequity, and Their Impact on Health and Access to Healthcare Services Among the Elderly Population of Bogotá

AU - Cano-Gutiérrez, Carlos Alberto

AU - Chavarro-Carvajal, Diego Andrés

AU - Sucerquia-Quintero, Julián Andrés

PY - 2025/10/13

Y1 - 2025/10/13

N2 - Objective: This study explores the prevalence of violence and forced displacement as indicators of inequity among Bogotá’s elderly population, with a particular focus on how these factors affect their health and access to healthcare services. Methods: This is a subsidiary analysis of the SABE-Bogotá survey. The design was a probabilistic cluster sample of 2000 people aged 60 and over. The study was carried out by the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana’s Institute on Aging and cosponsored by Colciencias. The variables of interest were displacement and experiences of violence, assessed through self-reporting. A descriptive analysis of all variables was performed, calculating simple frequency distributions. Subsequently, dependency and association analyses were performed using Chi-square, T-tests, and multivariate logistic regressions, depending on each case. Results: 43.32% of the subjects were victims of some type of violence in the last year, among which offensive language was one of the most frequent. Individuals with severe depression (OR 2.10 [1.21–3.65]) and those who had been victims of displacement (OR 2.55, CI 95% [1.65–3.95]) had the highest risk of violence. The results reveal a direct correlation between these experiences and pre-existing health conditions. For instance, severe depression and a history of displacement were associated with a higher risk of experiencing violence, while the risk of displacement was higher among individuals with diabetes, severe depression, and, crucially, those who lacked access to health insurance. Conclusion: A high percentage of the elderly population in the city of Bogotá has been victims of different types of violence, including ones related to armed conflict and forced displacement, which is a particular and exclusive form of violence suffered by this group of people. These findings suggest that violence and displacement are social determinants of health that exacerbate inequities, underscoring the need for more inclusive health policies and improved access to medical care for this vulnerable population.

AB - Objective: This study explores the prevalence of violence and forced displacement as indicators of inequity among Bogotá’s elderly population, with a particular focus on how these factors affect their health and access to healthcare services. Methods: This is a subsidiary analysis of the SABE-Bogotá survey. The design was a probabilistic cluster sample of 2000 people aged 60 and over. The study was carried out by the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana’s Institute on Aging and cosponsored by Colciencias. The variables of interest were displacement and experiences of violence, assessed through self-reporting. A descriptive analysis of all variables was performed, calculating simple frequency distributions. Subsequently, dependency and association analyses were performed using Chi-square, T-tests, and multivariate logistic regressions, depending on each case. Results: 43.32% of the subjects were victims of some type of violence in the last year, among which offensive language was one of the most frequent. Individuals with severe depression (OR 2.10 [1.21–3.65]) and those who had been victims of displacement (OR 2.55, CI 95% [1.65–3.95]) had the highest risk of violence. The results reveal a direct correlation between these experiences and pre-existing health conditions. For instance, severe depression and a history of displacement were associated with a higher risk of experiencing violence, while the risk of displacement was higher among individuals with diabetes, severe depression, and, crucially, those who lacked access to health insurance. Conclusion: A high percentage of the elderly population in the city of Bogotá has been victims of different types of violence, including ones related to armed conflict and forced displacement, which is a particular and exclusive form of violence suffered by this group of people. These findings suggest that violence and displacement are social determinants of health that exacerbate inequities, underscoring the need for more inclusive health policies and improved access to medical care for this vulnerable population.

KW - violence

KW - health inequities

KW - aged

UR - https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/22/10/1555

UR - https://www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph/special_issues/R0Q4PZ753B

UR - https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22101555

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DO - 10.3390/ijerph22101555

M3 - Article

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SN - 1660-4601

VL - 22

SP - 1

JO - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

JF - International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

IS - 10

M1 - 1555

T2 - IX Congreso Latinoamericano y del Caribe de la Asociación Internacional de Gerontología y Geriatría

Y2 - 17 May 2023 through 20 May 2023

ER -

Violence, Inequity, and Their Impact on Health and Access to Healthcare Services Among the Elderly Population of Bogotá

Resumen

ODS de las Naciones Unidas

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Proyectos

Realización de la encuesta de salud, bienestar y envejecimiento (SABE) en Bogotá. D.C.

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