Prioritizing sustainability strategies for linear infrastructure 4.0 projects in developing countries: an expert assessment

This paper explores how linear infrastructure 4.0 projects impact sustainable development in developing countries across economic, social, environmental, and governance dimensions. Linear infrastructure 4.0 represents the advanced evolution of linear networks through the integration of digital technologies like the IoT, Big Data, AI, sensors, and BIM. From planning to operation, this methodology optimizes all project phases into efficiency, safety, environmental, economic, and social sustainability. Despite progress, most existing studies focus on developed nations, leaving a gap regarding their applicability in developing contexts. To address this, a systematic literature review and expert surveys (48 professionals) using the Relative Importance Index (RII) were conducted. Key strategies include reducing traffic congestion, lowering emissions, and improving quality of life, categorized into seven components such as resources and waste, investment and governance and energy efficiency. Focused on experts from South America, the study provides a practical framework to strengthen sustainability in infrastructure projects and support the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).