Perceptions, barriers and facilitators for mental health care in the Andean and Amazon regions of Colombia

Natalia Gamboa-Virgüez; Lina Valderrama-Luna; José Miguel Uribe-Restrepo; Juan David Páramo; Magda Cepeda-Gil; Carlos Gómez-Restrepo

doi:10.1016/j.rcp.2025.03.001

Perceptions, barriers and facilitators for mental health care in the Andean and Amazon regions of Colombia

Título traducido de la contribución: Percepciones, barreras y facilitadores para la atención en salud mental en las regiones Andina y Amazonía de Colombia

Natalia Gamboa-Virgüez, Lina Valderrama-Luna, José Miguel Uribe-Restrepo, Juan David Páramo, Magda Cepeda-Gil, Carlos Gómez-Restrepo

Pontificia Universidad Javeriana

Producción: Contribución a una revista › Artículo › revisión exhaustiva

Resumen

Introducción
La salud mental es un constructo que se configura a partir de dimensiones socioculturales. En este contexto, el presente artículo busca visibilizar y entender las percepciones sobre salud mental en 2 territorios diferenciados: uno mayoritariamente indígena (Leticia, Mitú) y otro andino (Bogotá, Tunja). Además, se enfoca en identificar los facilitadores y las barreras para la implementación de servicios de salud mental en la atención primaria en estos contextos específicos.
Métodos
Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa, mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas, grupos focales y observaciones sistemáticas; los instrumentos se hicieron con 3 actores clave: pacientes, personal de salud y personal administrativo, de 4 centros médicos en Bogotá, Leticia, Mitú y Tunja. Toda la participación de los diferentes actores fue voluntaria con un muestreo por conveniencia.
Resultados
Se identificaron diversas percepciones que tenían los actores convocados sobre salud mental. Se presentan diferencias por actores y regiones que posibilitan la comprensión y el acceso al servicio en salud mental, evidenciando barreras y facilitadores para implementar intervenciones acordes a los contextos.
Discusión
La comprensión del constructo de salud mental y factores que permiten su promoción, permiten adaptar las estrategias de implementación a los contextos específicos y a las experiencias individuales, mejorando así la pertinencia y la sostenibilidad de los programas de salud mental.

Título traducido de la contribución	Percepciones, barreras y facilitadores para la atención en salud mental en las regiones Andina y Amazonía de Colombia
Idioma original	Inglés
Publicación	Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria
DOI	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcp.2025.03.001
Estado	Aceptada/en prensa - 12 may. 2025

ODS de las Naciones Unidas

Este resultado contribuye a los siguientes Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible

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title = "Perceptions, barriers and facilitators for mental health care in the Andean and Amazon regions of Colombia",

abstract = "Introduction: Mental health is a construct shaped by sociocultural factors. In this context, the present article aims to highlight and understand perceptions of mental health in two distinct territories: one predominantly Indigenous (Leticia, Mit{\'u}) and the other Andean (Bogot{\'a}, Tunja). Additionally, it focuses on identifying the facilitators and barriers to implementing mental health services in primary care within these specific contexts. Methods: A qualitative methodology was employed, involving semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and systematic observations. The instruments were designed with three key stakeholders: patients, healthcare personnel, and administrative staff, from four medical centers in Bogot{\'a}, Leticia, Mit{\'u}, and Tunja. Participation from these stakeholders was voluntary, with a convenience sampling approach. Results: Perceptions of mental health among the participants were identified. Differences across stakeholders and regions were noted, which impact the understanding and access to mental health services, revealing barriers and facilitators for implementing context-appropriate interventions. Discussion: Understanding the construct of mental health and the factors that support its promotion allows for the adaptation of implementation strategies to specific contexts and individual experiences, thereby enhancing the relevance and sustainability of mental health programs.",

keywords = "Barriers, Facilitators, Grounded theory, Mental health, Qualitative research",

author = "Natalia Gamboa-Virg{\"u}ez and Lina Valderrama-Luna and Uribe-Restrepo, \{Jos{\'e} Miguel\} and P{\'a}ramo, \{Juan David\} and Magda Cepeda-Gil and Carlos G{\'o}mez-Restrepo",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025 Asociaci{\'o}n Colombiana de Psiquiatr{\'i}a",

year = "2025",

month = may,

day = "12",

doi = "10.1016/j.rcp.2025.03.001",

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T1 - Perceptions, barriers and facilitators for mental health care in the Andean and Amazon regions of Colombia

AU - Gamboa-Virgüez, Natalia

AU - Valderrama-Luna, Lina

AU - Uribe-Restrepo, José Miguel

AU - Páramo, Juan David

AU - Cepeda-Gil, Magda

AU - Gómez-Restrepo, Carlos

PY - 2025/5/12

Y1 - 2025/5/12

N2 - Introduction: Mental health is a construct shaped by sociocultural factors. In this context, the present article aims to highlight and understand perceptions of mental health in two distinct territories: one predominantly Indigenous (Leticia, Mitú) and the other Andean (Bogotá, Tunja). Additionally, it focuses on identifying the facilitators and barriers to implementing mental health services in primary care within these specific contexts. Methods: A qualitative methodology was employed, involving semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and systematic observations. The instruments were designed with three key stakeholders: patients, healthcare personnel, and administrative staff, from four medical centers in Bogotá, Leticia, Mitú, and Tunja. Participation from these stakeholders was voluntary, with a convenience sampling approach. Results: Perceptions of mental health among the participants were identified. Differences across stakeholders and regions were noted, which impact the understanding and access to mental health services, revealing barriers and facilitators for implementing context-appropriate interventions. Discussion: Understanding the construct of mental health and the factors that support its promotion allows for the adaptation of implementation strategies to specific contexts and individual experiences, thereby enhancing the relevance and sustainability of mental health programs.

AB - Introduction: Mental health is a construct shaped by sociocultural factors. In this context, the present article aims to highlight and understand perceptions of mental health in two distinct territories: one predominantly Indigenous (Leticia, Mitú) and the other Andean (Bogotá, Tunja). Additionally, it focuses on identifying the facilitators and barriers to implementing mental health services in primary care within these specific contexts. Methods: A qualitative methodology was employed, involving semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and systematic observations. The instruments were designed with three key stakeholders: patients, healthcare personnel, and administrative staff, from four medical centers in Bogotá, Leticia, Mitú, and Tunja. Participation from these stakeholders was voluntary, with a convenience sampling approach. Results: Perceptions of mental health among the participants were identified. Differences across stakeholders and regions were noted, which impact the understanding and access to mental health services, revealing barriers and facilitators for implementing context-appropriate interventions. Discussion: Understanding the construct of mental health and the factors that support its promotion allows for the adaptation of implementation strategies to specific contexts and individual experiences, thereby enhancing the relevance and sustainability of mental health programs.

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KW - Facilitators

KW - Grounded theory

KW - Mental health

KW - Qualitative research

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Perceptions, barriers and facilitators for mental health care in the Andean and Amazon regions of Colombia

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