Patterns of species composition and endemism in the Northern Neotropics: a case for conservation of montane avifaunas.

Luis Miguel Renjifo Martinez; Grace  P. Servat; Bette A  Loiselle; John G  Blake

doi:10.2307/40157554

Patterns of species composition and endemism in the Northern Neotropics: a case for conservation of montane avifaunas.

Luis Miguel Renjifo Martinez, Grace P. Servat, Bette A Loiselle, John G Blake

Pontificia Universidad Javeriana

Producción: Capítulo del libro/informe/acta de congreso › Capítulo en libro de investigación › revisión exhaustiva

Resumen

Una revisión de la composición de cinco avifaunas de montaña en el Noroeste de Sur América y el sur de Centro América confirmó la diferencia de estas comunidades con las de las tierras bajas. Sin incluir especies que dependen de recursos acuáticos, 1,800 especies de aves de 52 familias fueron clasificadas de acuerdo a las principales zonas de vida. 1,366 especies fueron asociadas con areas de tierras bajas, de las cuales 877 especies se encontraron en areas montañosas (generalmente encima de 1,200-1,500 m de elevación). Casi la mitad de estas especies de areas montañosas están restringidas a estas elevaciones altas, encontrándose la mayor diversidad en zonas subtropicales, seguidas por zonas templadas y de páramo respectivamente. Comparaciones con avifaunas de tierras bajas revelan que las comunidades de montaña difieren en estructura trófica así como en la composición de las Familias. Específicamente, las comunidades de montaña tuvieron proporcionalmente mayor número de nectarívoros que los esperados al azar. Se compararon avifaunas de montañas con comunidades ensambladas al azar usando simulaciones de Monte Carlo. En estas comparaciones, cerca del 30% de las familias se diferenciaron significativamente en el número de especies; ocho fueron mas ricas y siete fueron menos ricas en areas montañosas de lo esperado. Además, las areas de montaña tuvieron un mayor número y porcentaje de especies con rangos restringidos que las de tierras bajas. Un total de 217 especies de montaña (24.7%) tuvieron rangos geográficos pequeños; 142 de estas fueron restringidas a una de cinco regiones de montaña que fueron revisadas en este trabajo. Cerca del 10% (82) de estas especies se encuentran enlistadas como amenazadas o casi-amenazadas, lo que evidencia el peligro de extinción de estas comunidades de montaña. Los areas de montaña se encuentran bajo extrema presión por actividades humanas. Muchas de los centros urbanos se encuentran localizados en ó cerca de las montañas que fueron revisadas. La protección de los ecosistemas de montaña debe ser una prioridad para los esfiierzos de conservación en los Neotrópicos debido a la alta diversidad y singularidad de estas avifaunas, así como a los altos niveles de alteración en los habitats.

Idioma original	Inglés
Título de la publicación alojada	Studies in Neotropical ornithology Honoring Ted Parker
Páginas	577-594
Número de páginas	18
Volumen	48
DOI	https://doi.org/10.2307/40157554
Estado	Publicada - 1997

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https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271695446_Patterns_of_Species_Composition_and_Endemism_in_the_Northern_Neotropics_A_Case_for_Conservation_of_Montane_Avifaunas

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@inbook{b573642141984388a38a1ef59940c636,

title = "Patterns of species composition and endemism in the Northern Neotropics: a case for conservation of montane avifaunas.",

abstract = "A review of the composition of five montane avifaunas in northwestern South America and southern Central America confirmed the distinctness of these communities from adjacent lowland areas. Excluding species that depend on aquatic resources, 1,800 bird species from 52 families were classified according to principal life zones in this review. There were 1,366 species associated with lowland areas, whereas 877 species occurred in montane areas (i.e., generally above 1,200 or 1,500 m elevation). Nearly one-half of these montane species are restricted to these high elevations, with the greatest diversity found within subtropical zones, followed by temperate and p{\'a}ramo zones, respectively. Comparisons with lowland avifaunas revealed that montane communities differed in trophic structure as well as familial composition. Specifically, montane communities had proportionately more nectarivores than expected by chance. When compared to randomly generated montane communities, nearly 30% of the families differed significantly in number of species from that expected if these communities were randomly assembled; eight families were more species-rich and seven families less species-rich in montane areas than expected. Moreover, montane areas had a greater number and percentage of species with restricted ranges than did lowland areas. Overall, 217 montane species (24.7%) had small geographic ranges; 142 of these were restricted to one of the five montane regions reviewed here. As evidence of the endangerment of these montane communities, nearly 10% (82) of the species are listed as threatened or near-threatened. Montane habitats are under extreme pressure from human activities. Most urban centers are located in or close to the mountains in the regions reviewed here. Given the high diversity and singularity of these avifaunas, together with high levels of habitat alteration, protection of montane ecosystems should become a priority for conservation efforts in the Neotropics.",

author = "{Renjifo Martinez}, {Luis Miguel} and {P. Servat}, Grace and Loiselle, {Bette A} and Blake, {John G}",

year = "1997",

doi = "10.2307/40157554",

language = "English",

volume = "48",

pages = "577--594",

booktitle = "Studies in Neotropical ornithology Honoring Ted Parker",

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Patterns of species composition and endemism in the Northern Neotropics: a case for conservation of montane avifaunas. / Renjifo Martinez, Luis Miguel; P. Servat, Grace ; Loiselle, Bette A et al.
Studies in Neotropical ornithology Honoring Ted Parker. Vol. 48 1997. p. 577-594.

Producción: Capítulo del libro/informe/acta de congreso › Capítulo en libro de investigación › revisión exhaustiva

TY - CHAP

T1 - Patterns of species composition and endemism in the Northern Neotropics: a case for conservation of montane avifaunas.

AU - Renjifo Martinez, Luis Miguel

AU - P. Servat, Grace

AU - Loiselle, Bette A

AU - Blake, John G

PY - 1997

Y1 - 1997

N2 - A review of the composition of five montane avifaunas in northwestern South America and southern Central America confirmed the distinctness of these communities from adjacent lowland areas. Excluding species that depend on aquatic resources, 1,800 bird species from 52 families were classified according to principal life zones in this review. There were 1,366 species associated with lowland areas, whereas 877 species occurred in montane areas (i.e., generally above 1,200 or 1,500 m elevation). Nearly one-half of these montane species are restricted to these high elevations, with the greatest diversity found within subtropical zones, followed by temperate and páramo zones, respectively. Comparisons with lowland avifaunas revealed that montane communities differed in trophic structure as well as familial composition. Specifically, montane communities had proportionately more nectarivores than expected by chance. When compared to randomly generated montane communities, nearly 30% of the families differed significantly in number of species from that expected if these communities were randomly assembled; eight families were more species-rich and seven families less species-rich in montane areas than expected. Moreover, montane areas had a greater number and percentage of species with restricted ranges than did lowland areas. Overall, 217 montane species (24.7%) had small geographic ranges; 142 of these were restricted to one of the five montane regions reviewed here. As evidence of the endangerment of these montane communities, nearly 10% (82) of the species are listed as threatened or near-threatened. Montane habitats are under extreme pressure from human activities. Most urban centers are located in or close to the mountains in the regions reviewed here. Given the high diversity and singularity of these avifaunas, together with high levels of habitat alteration, protection of montane ecosystems should become a priority for conservation efforts in the Neotropics.

AB - A review of the composition of five montane avifaunas in northwestern South America and southern Central America confirmed the distinctness of these communities from adjacent lowland areas. Excluding species that depend on aquatic resources, 1,800 bird species from 52 families were classified according to principal life zones in this review. There were 1,366 species associated with lowland areas, whereas 877 species occurred in montane areas (i.e., generally above 1,200 or 1,500 m elevation). Nearly one-half of these montane species are restricted to these high elevations, with the greatest diversity found within subtropical zones, followed by temperate and páramo zones, respectively. Comparisons with lowland avifaunas revealed that montane communities differed in trophic structure as well as familial composition. Specifically, montane communities had proportionately more nectarivores than expected by chance. When compared to randomly generated montane communities, nearly 30% of the families differed significantly in number of species from that expected if these communities were randomly assembled; eight families were more species-rich and seven families less species-rich in montane areas than expected. Moreover, montane areas had a greater number and percentage of species with restricted ranges than did lowland areas. Overall, 217 montane species (24.7%) had small geographic ranges; 142 of these were restricted to one of the five montane regions reviewed here. As evidence of the endangerment of these montane communities, nearly 10% (82) of the species are listed as threatened or near-threatened. Montane habitats are under extreme pressure from human activities. Most urban centers are located in or close to the mountains in the regions reviewed here. Given the high diversity and singularity of these avifaunas, together with high levels of habitat alteration, protection of montane ecosystems should become a priority for conservation efforts in the Neotropics.

UR - https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271695446_Patterns_of_Species_Composition_and_Endemism_in_the_Northern_Neotropics_A_Case_for_Conservation_of_Montane_Avifaunas

U2 - 10.2307/40157554

DO - 10.2307/40157554

M3 - Chapter

VL - 48

SP - 577

EP - 594

BT - Studies in Neotropical ornithology Honoring Ted Parker

ER -

Patterns of species composition and endemism in the Northern Neotropics: a case for conservation of montane avifaunas.

Resumen

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