Mpox Knowledge, Risk Perception, Attitudes and Willingness to Vaccinate in Colombia's LGBTIQ+ Communities: Online Survey (CoSex)

Background: In the 2022-23 global clade IIb mpox outbreak, Colombia was the sixth country with the most reported cases globally and the second in Latin America after Brazil. LGTBIQ + communities, especially those with extensive sexual networks, were particularly affected. Objective: We aim to characterize the knowledge, risk perceptions, attitudes, and willingness to implement preventive measures against mpox among LGBTIQ + communities in Colombia. Methods: This was an anonymized, cross-sectional, observational study based on a population-based online questionnaire using a participatory approach. Results: Among the 784 participants from 66 municipalities, 49.1 % were aged 18–29 years, and 89.3 % were male and assigned at birth. A total of 73.9 % identified as homosexual, whereas 14.9 % reported never using condoms. Casual sexual partners were reported by 45.4 % of the participants in the past year (median: 3; range: 1–100), and 29.3 % engaged in group sex during the same period (median: 4; range: 2–100). Temporary behavioral changes to reduce mpox risk, such as limiting sexual partners and increasing condom use, were reported by 24.1 % of the participants. Suspected or confirmed mpox infection was reported by 4 % of the participants, with 77.4 % attributing potential exposure to sexual contact. Notably, 89.5 % expressed a willingness to receive mpox vaccination if it was offered. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate the importance of academic and social communities’ cross-collaboration to understand the impact of mpox infection in this population and as a basis for planning epidemic responses to future mpox outbreaks in Colombia and Latin America.