Modelo de acessibilidade para o planejamento espacial de ações em saúde pública: o caso dos programas de vacinação contra a raiva e de esterilização para cães e gatos de Bogotá, Colômbia

This study integrated geographic information systems and geospatial analytical methods based on spatial accessibility and location-allocation models in order to improve the spatial planning of different public health programs in urban areas. To estimate the spatial accessibility, a Gaussian-based three-step oating catchment area (E3SFCA) method was developed, including a friction coeffcient and using distances along a street network based on Dijkstra's algorithm. The methodology was applied and valiated using the rabies vaccination and sterilization programs for dogs and cats in the city of Bogotá, Colombia. The choice of the distance calculation method solve the overestimation associated with the classic methodology that applies buffer zones around vaccination sites based on Euclidean (straight-line) distance. In general it was not observed an adequate spatial accessibility to both programs. The zones north, central and peripheral of the city revealed low or no access to services. To determine the effective allocation or reallocation of these programs the maximum coverage with finite demand and the p-median or minimum impedance problems were used. The relocation proposed by the maximum coverage model provided a better distribution of the services in the most populated areas and proportioned a potential spatial accessibility to these programs. The development of this work can provide direct benefits to society assisting in the strategic planning and improving the effectiveness of public policies in urban areas of Latin America.