TY - JOUR
T1 - Iron status and cardiometabolic risk in children
AU - Suárez-Ortegón, Milton Fabian
AU - Prats-Puig, Anna
AU - Bassols, Judit
AU - Carreras-Badosa, Gemma
AU - McLachlan, Stela
AU - Wild, Sarah H.
AU - López-Bermejo, Abel
AU - Fernández-Real, Jose Manuel
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2023/8
Y1 - 2023/8
N2 - Aim: We aimed to evaluate associations between serum ferritin and transferrin and variables related to the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children. Methods: Cross-sectional and longitudinal study in prepubertal children (n = 832) aged 3–14 years. A subset (n = 203) were re-examined after a mean follow-up of 3.7 ± 0.8 years[range 2–6]. Outcomes were MetS and MetS components scores, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), and their follow-up change. Results: Children with low ferritin had increased HbA1c Z scores (ANCOVA, P = 0.003). Ferritin was inversely associated with glycaemia [fully adjusted β (95% confidence interval): −2.35(−4.36 to −0.34)]. Transferrin was associated with diastolic blood pressure [β: 0.02(0.01–0.04)] and log-HOMA-IR [β:0.001(0.0005–0.002)]. MetS risk score worsened during follow-up in children with the lowest baseline ferritin levels. In contrast, at baseline ferritin was positively associated with all (except glycaemia) the MetS-related variables but adjustments for inflammatory, hepatic function, and body mass markers attenuated those associations (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Lower iron status was independently associated with glycaemic markers and MetS in children, whereas higher ferritin levels were related to other cardiometabolic risk markers under the influence of inflammation, hepatic injury and body mass. Research is required to study whether this mixed pattern is part of an early risk or would be explained by a normal transition during growth and development.
AB - Aim: We aimed to evaluate associations between serum ferritin and transferrin and variables related to the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children. Methods: Cross-sectional and longitudinal study in prepubertal children (n = 832) aged 3–14 years. A subset (n = 203) were re-examined after a mean follow-up of 3.7 ± 0.8 years[range 2–6]. Outcomes were MetS and MetS components scores, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), and their follow-up change. Results: Children with low ferritin had increased HbA1c Z scores (ANCOVA, P = 0.003). Ferritin was inversely associated with glycaemia [fully adjusted β (95% confidence interval): −2.35(−4.36 to −0.34)]. Transferrin was associated with diastolic blood pressure [β: 0.02(0.01–0.04)] and log-HOMA-IR [β:0.001(0.0005–0.002)]. MetS risk score worsened during follow-up in children with the lowest baseline ferritin levels. In contrast, at baseline ferritin was positively associated with all (except glycaemia) the MetS-related variables but adjustments for inflammatory, hepatic function, and body mass markers attenuated those associations (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Lower iron status was independently associated with glycaemic markers and MetS in children, whereas higher ferritin levels were related to other cardiometabolic risk markers under the influence of inflammation, hepatic injury and body mass. Research is required to study whether this mixed pattern is part of an early risk or would be explained by a normal transition during growth and development.
KW - Children
KW - Ferritin
KW - Glycosylated haemoglobin
KW - Insulin resistance
KW - Metabolic syndrome
KW - Transferrin
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85163040451&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110795
DO - 10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110795
M3 - Article
C2 - 37355100
AN - SCOPUS:85163040451
SN - 0168-8227
VL - 202
JO - Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
JF - Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice
M1 - 110795
ER -