Hospital-associated functional decline and possible interventions based on physical activity, a review of the literature

Bethia Pacheco; Luis Carlos Venegas-Sanabria; Diego A. Chavarro-Carvajal

doi:10.18176/ARCHMEDDEPORTE.00018

Hospital-associated functional decline and possible interventions based on physical activity, a review of the literature

Título traducido de la contribución: Deterioro funcional hospitalario y posibles intervenciones desde la actividad física, una revisión de la literatura

Bethia Pacheco, Luis Carlos Venegas-Sanabria, Diego A. Chavarro-Carvajal

Producción: Contribución a una revista › Artículo de revisión › revisión exhaustiva

2 Citas (Scopus)

Resumen

El deterioro funcional hospitalario (DHF) se define como la pérdida de la capacidad de realizar al menos una de las actividades
básicas de la vida diaria respecto a la situación basal de la persona (2 semanas antes del inicio de la enfermedad aguda). Su
prevalencia va en aumento por la transición demográfica de los últimos años que ha generado que el envejecimiento se con-
vierta en un reto con gran impacto en la salud de las personas, sus familias y el sistema sanitario. Una consecuencia importante
en la hospitalización de los ancianos es el deterioro funcional hospitalario. Esta condición tiene múltiples consecuencias a
corto, mediano y largo plazo dentro de las que se incluyen: aumento de la estancia hospitalaria, aumento de los costos en la
atención, aumento de la morbimortalidad, entre otros. Una de las etapas del DFH, que corresponde a la declinación funcional
durante la hospitalización, es modificable; de allí la importancia de la identificación y manejo oportuno para intervenir a los
pacientes en riesgo. Dentro de las intervenciones que se plantean para lidiar con el DFH se encuentra la atención geriátrica
especializada, el manejo integral con un equipo multidisciplinario, el soporte nutricional y la actividad física. Está última, ha
demostrado tener efectos beneficiosos sobre la función física, cognitiva y síntomas neuropsiquiátricos en el adulto mayor;
por lo que se ha incluido en múltiples protocolos hospitalarios como principal intervención no farmacológica para disminuir
la dependencia e impactar en el deterioro funcional hospitalario.
El objetivo de esta revisión de literatura es describir la definición, epidemiología, factores de riesgo, complicaciones, factores
asociados a la recuperación funcional y programas de intervención descritos para el tratamiento del DFH. Adicionalmente
describir las intervenciones que incluyan actividad física en los pacientes adultos mayores hospitalizados por patologías agudas
y los posibles resultados funcionales en esta población.

Título traducido de la contribución	Deterioro funcional hospitalario y posibles intervenciones desde la actividad física, una revisión de la literatura
Idioma original	Inglés
Páginas (desde-hasta)	430-435
Número de páginas	6
Publicación	Archivos de Medicina del Deporte
Volumen	37
N.º	6
DOI	https://doi.org/10.18176/ARCHMEDDEPORTE.00018 https://doi.org/10.18176/ARCHMEDDEPORTE.00018
Estado	Publicada - 2020

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title = "Hospital-associated functional decline and possible interventions based on physical activity, a review of the literature",

abstract = "Hospital functional impairment is defined as the loss of the ability to perform at least one of the basic activities of daily living with respect to the baseline situation of the person (2 weeks before the onset of acute illness). Its prevalence has been increasing due to the demographic transition of the last few years, which has caused aging to become a challenge with great impact on the health of people, their families and the health system. One of the main consequences of the increase in hospitalizations in the elderly is hospital functional impairment. This condition has multiple consequences in the short, medium and long term, which include increased hospital stay, increased costs of care, increased morbidity and mortality, among others. One of the stages of hospital functional impairment, which corresponds to the functional decline during hospitalization, is modifiable; hence the importance of identification and timely management to intervene at risk patients. Among the interventions that are proposed to deal with this condition are specialized geriatric care, comprehensive management with a multidisciplinary team, nutritional support and physical activity. The latter has been shown to have beneficial effects on physical, cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms in the elderly; Therefore, it has been included in multiple hospital protocols as the main non-pharmacological intervention to reduce dependence and impact on functional hospital deterioration. The objective of this literature review is to describe the definition, epidemiology, risk factors, complications, factors associated with functional recovery and intervention programs described for the treatment. Additionally, describe the interventions that include physical activity in elderly patients hospitalized for acute pathologies and possible functional outcomes in this population.",

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AB - Hospital functional impairment is defined as the loss of the ability to perform at least one of the basic activities of daily living with respect to the baseline situation of the person (2 weeks before the onset of acute illness). Its prevalence has been increasing due to the demographic transition of the last few years, which has caused aging to become a challenge with great impact on the health of people, their families and the health system. One of the main consequences of the increase in hospitalizations in the elderly is hospital functional impairment. This condition has multiple consequences in the short, medium and long term, which include increased hospital stay, increased costs of care, increased morbidity and mortality, among others. One of the stages of hospital functional impairment, which corresponds to the functional decline during hospitalization, is modifiable; hence the importance of identification and timely management to intervene at risk patients. Among the interventions that are proposed to deal with this condition are specialized geriatric care, comprehensive management with a multidisciplinary team, nutritional support and physical activity. The latter has been shown to have beneficial effects on physical, cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms in the elderly; Therefore, it has been included in multiple hospital protocols as the main non-pharmacological intervention to reduce dependence and impact on functional hospital deterioration. The objective of this literature review is to describe the definition, epidemiology, risk factors, complications, factors associated with functional recovery and intervention programs described for the treatment. Additionally, describe the interventions that include physical activity in elderly patients hospitalized for acute pathologies and possible functional outcomes in this population.

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Hospital-associated functional decline and possible interventions based on physical activity, a review of the literature

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