TY - JOUR
T1 - Genotoxicity and Cytotoxicity Induced In Vitro by Airborne Particulate Matter (PM2.5) from an Open-Cast Coal Mining Area
AU - Galeano-Páez, Claudia
AU - Brango, Hugo
AU - Pastor-Sierra, Karina
AU - Coneo-Pretelt, Andrés
AU - Arteaga-Arroyo, Gean
AU - Peñata-Taborda, Ana
AU - Espitia-Pérez, Pedro
AU - Ricardo-Caldera, Dina
AU - Humanez-Álvarez, Alicia
AU - Londoño-Velasco, Elizabeth
AU - Espinosa-Sáez, Roger
AU - Diaz-Ponguta, Basilio
AU - da Silva, Juliana
AU - Corrêa, Dione Silva
AU - Espitia-Pérez, Lyda
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 by the authors.
PY - 2024/11/26
Y1 - 2024/11/26
N2 - This study evaluates the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of PM2.5 collected from an open-cast coal mining area in northern Colombia. Cyclohexane (CH), dichloromethane (DCM), and acetone (ACE) extracts were obtained using Soxhlet extraction to isolate compounds of different polarities. Human lymphocytes were exposed to the extracted compounds, and cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were assessed using the cytokinesis block micronucleus (CBMN) and comet assays, incorporating FPG and ENDO III enzymes to detect oxidative DNA damage. Chemical analysis revealed that the organic fractions consisted mainly of modified hydrocarbons and volatile organic compounds. The CBMN assay showed a significant increase in micronuclei in binucleated (MNBN) and mononucleated (MNMONO) cells and nucleoplasmic bridges (NPB) in exposed lymphocytes. The comet assay revealed substantial oxidative DNA damage, particularly with the ACE extract, which significantly increased oxidized purines and pyrimidines. DCM induced similar effects, while CH showed moderate effects. CREST immunostaining revealed aneugenic activity, particularly in cells exposed to ACE and DCM extracts. These results suggest that polar fractions of PM2.5, likely containing metals and modified PAHs, contribute to DNA damage and chromosomal instability. The study highlights the need to monitor the composition of PM2.5 in mining regions to implement stricter environmental policies to reduce exposure and health risks.
AB - This study evaluates the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of PM2.5 collected from an open-cast coal mining area in northern Colombia. Cyclohexane (CH), dichloromethane (DCM), and acetone (ACE) extracts were obtained using Soxhlet extraction to isolate compounds of different polarities. Human lymphocytes were exposed to the extracted compounds, and cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were assessed using the cytokinesis block micronucleus (CBMN) and comet assays, incorporating FPG and ENDO III enzymes to detect oxidative DNA damage. Chemical analysis revealed that the organic fractions consisted mainly of modified hydrocarbons and volatile organic compounds. The CBMN assay showed a significant increase in micronuclei in binucleated (MNBN) and mononucleated (MNMONO) cells and nucleoplasmic bridges (NPB) in exposed lymphocytes. The comet assay revealed substantial oxidative DNA damage, particularly with the ACE extract, which significantly increased oxidized purines and pyrimidines. DCM induced similar effects, while CH showed moderate effects. CREST immunostaining revealed aneugenic activity, particularly in cells exposed to ACE and DCM extracts. These results suggest that polar fractions of PM2.5, likely containing metals and modified PAHs, contribute to DNA damage and chromosomal instability. The study highlights the need to monitor the composition of PM2.5 in mining regions to implement stricter environmental policies to reduce exposure and health risks.
KW - Genotoxicity
KW - Citotoxicity
KW - Airborne Particulate Matter
KW - Micronucleus test
KW - Comet assay
KW - in vitro
KW - PM extracts
KW - chromosomal instability
KW - genotoxicity
KW - oxidative DNA damage
KW - polar fractions
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85213277691&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/4f45012d-133a-352f-bb8d-4860b73d8f2d/
U2 - 10.3390/atmos15121420
DO - 10.3390/atmos15121420
M3 - Article
SN - 2073-4433
VL - 15
SP - 1
EP - 20
JO - Atmosphere
JF - Atmosphere
IS - 12
M1 - 1420
ER -