Genetic analysis of pre-columbian human remains from lower magdalena suggests a migratory route and matrilineal genetic continuity in Northern South America

DNA analysis in pre-Hispanic populations remains has allowed approaching the genetic origins of inhabitants in present-day Colombia. In this work, we complemented the archaeological results on the Malambo tradition, originated 3000 years B.P. in Lower Magdalena, with genetic studies of bone remains of four individuals associated with this population. We extracted DNA from bone samples and purified and amplified them by PCR for further sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. We identified the B2j haplogroup in all individuals as characterized by a G16361A mutation, as well as a 9-pb deletion and diagnostic mutations of haplogroup B. This same haplogroup was recently described in an individual in Venezuela suggesting genetic maternal filiation and continuity in northern South America.