Experiencia quirúrgica en el manejo de litiasis urinaria en la población pediátrica: estudio multicéntrico

Introduction and objectives Urolithiasis incidence in pediatric population has been increasing in the last few years. Surgical indications are well established in literature, and due to the current availability of surgical instruments of decreased caliber designed for pediatric patients its management has had a dramatic evolution. With this study, we describe the surgical experience of two referral centers in management of urinary lithiasis in pediatric population. Methods A multicentric, retrospective, observational and descriptive study was performed. We included patients under 18 who were treated for urolithiasis in a surgical manner between december 2010 and march 2017. The demographic data, presurgical evaluation, stone characteristics, complications and the presence of residual calculi was registered, as well as the success rate of each procedure. We performed a descriptive statistical analysis with frequency measures using the SPSS software. Results A total of 18 patients and 19 procedures were included. The mean age was 7.9 years (1–16), the most common clinical presentations were lumbar pain and urinary tract infection in a 42% and 37% respectively. The diagnosis was made through an CT scan in most patients (83%). The mean number and size of stones was 1,9 (ED3,1) and 14,8 mm (ED 10,92) respectively. The most common localization was pielic (31%), then distal uréter (26%), bladder (10%) and multiple localizations (21%). Seven semirrigid URS (37%), six flexible URS (16%), three cistolythotomies (16%) and two percutaneous nephrolythotomies (10%) were performed. In 53% of the cases the patient had a JJ catheter before the procedure and in 68% of the cases a JJ catheter was placed after the procedure. The success rate was 89%. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were documented. Conclusions The urinary lithiasis in the pediatric population is a very infrequent entity. Surgical management has a high success rate and is safe. More studies are needed with a higher evidence level to determine the apropiate surgical therapeutic regimen in this population.