Resumen
La introducción constituye una sección estratégica en la arquitectura retórica del artículo científico, ya que establece el campo temático, identifica una brecha en el conocimiento y formula el propósito investigativo. Este artículo de revisión analiza críticamente los enfoques teóricos y funcionales más relevantes para la construcción de introducciones científicas eficaces, comparando el modelo CARS de Swales con el modelo Cargill-O’Connor, y proponiendo una tipología estructural basada en funciones comunicativas. Se examinan las principales dificultades que enfrentan los autores, incluyendo errores frecuentes como la acumulación acrítica de antecedentes, la formulación ambigua de objetivos y la omisión de la brecha investigativa. A partir de la literatura especializada y ejemplos de ciencias de los alimentos, se presenta una guía detallada para estructurar introducciones coherentes, persuasivas y alineadas con los estándares internacionales de publicación. El artículo incluye además herramientas prácticas como preguntas guía, tablas retóricas y una clasificación funcional de cinco tipos de introducción (narrativa, empírica, problemática, argumentativa y mixta). Se concluye que el dominio retórico de esta sección no solo mejora la claridad y el impacto del manuscrito, sino que representa una competencia fundamental en la formación de investigadores, con implicaciones para la enseñanza, la asesoría de tesis y los procesos de revisión editorial. Palabras clave: redacción científica, modelos retóricos, errores comunes, estrategias de mejora, comunicación académica. Structure and Function of the Scientific Introduction.
ABSTRACT The introduction is a strategic section in the rhetorical architecture of a scientific article, as it defines the thematic field, identifies a gap in current knowledge, and formulates the research purpose. This review article critically analyzes the most relevant theoretical and functional approaches for constructing effective scientific introductions, comparing Swales’ CARS model with the Cargill-O’Connor model, and proposing a structural typology based on communicative functions. It examines the main difficulties authors face, including common mistakes such as the uncritical accumulation of background literature, ambiguous formulation of objectives, and failure to clearly identify the research gap. Drawing on specialized literature and examples from food science, the article presents a detailed guide to structuring coherent and persuasive introductions aligned with international publication standards. It also includes practical tools such as guiding questions, rhetorical tables, and a functional classification of five types of introductions (narrative, empirical, problem-focused, argumentative, and hybrid). The article concludes that rhetorical mastery of this section not only enhances manuscript clarity and impact, but also constitutes a core competence in researcher training, with implications for teaching, thesis supervision, and editorial peer review processes. Keywords: scientific writing, rhetoric models, common errors, improvement strategies, academic communication.
ABSTRACT The introduction is a strategic section in the rhetorical architecture of a scientific article, as it defines the thematic field, identifies a gap in current knowledge, and formulates the research purpose. This review article critically analyzes the most relevant theoretical and functional approaches for constructing effective scientific introductions, comparing Swales’ CARS model with the Cargill-O’Connor model, and proposing a structural typology based on communicative functions. It examines the main difficulties authors face, including common mistakes such as the uncritical accumulation of background literature, ambiguous formulation of objectives, and failure to clearly identify the research gap. Drawing on specialized literature and examples from food science, the article presents a detailed guide to structuring coherent and persuasive introductions aligned with international publication standards. It also includes practical tools such as guiding questions, rhetorical tables, and a functional classification of five types of introductions (narrative, empirical, problem-focused, argumentative, and hybrid). The article concludes that rhetorical mastery of this section not only enhances manuscript clarity and impact, but also constitutes a core competence in researcher training, with implications for teaching, thesis supervision, and editorial peer review processes. Keywords: scientific writing, rhetoric models, common errors, improvement strategies, academic communication.
| Título traducido de la contribución | Structure and Function of the Scientific Introduction |
|---|---|
| Idioma original | Español |
| Páginas (desde-hasta) | 57-70 |
| Publicación | Revista RECITEIA |
| Volumen | 21 |
| N.º | 2 |
| Estado | Publicada - 2022 |
Palabras clave
- Redacción científica
- Modelos retóricos
- Errores comunes
- Estrategias de mejora
- comunicación académica