Consenso colombiano para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de las dislipidemias en adultos

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for approximately 20.5 million deaths annually (WHO). In Colombia, ischemic heart disease was the leading cause of death in 2023, representing 17.2% of total deaths, while also imposing a significant financial burden on the healthcare system. Preventing CVD requires efficient and aggressive intervention of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, especially dyslipidemia. Objectives: The objective of this document is to provide a clear and applicable guide for defining cardiovascular risk, as well as for pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapeutic strategies focused on the prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia, establishing long-term followup guidelines. Methodology: The Colombian Society of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery invited the main national scientific societies to develop a consensus on dyslipidemia management. A committee of experts was formed to formulate 42 key questions. A systematic review of the literature was conducted, and the nominal group technique was used to generate recommendations, good clinical practice points, and algorithms. Results: The resulting document addresses the most relevant aspects of the cardiovascular risk assessment process, establishing clear therapeutic goals and detailing both pharmacological and non-pharmacological management strategies. Specific recommendations and algorithms are included to guide clinical practice, especially for patients at high and very high cardiovascular risk. Conclusions: The consensus provides a practical tool to improve the detection, early intervention, and follow-up of dyslipidemia in Colombia. Its implementation can optimize lipid level control and, ultimately, reduce the CVD burden in the country, improving health outcomes and healthcare system efficiency.