Respuestas de la avifauna a cambios históricos en la cobertura y usos del suelo resultantes del crecimiento urbano en Colombia

Normal 0 21 false false false EN-US JA X-NONE table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabla normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:EN-US; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;} Transitamos un rápido y acelerado cambio hacia un planeta urbanizado ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1088/1748-9326/8/1/014025","ISSN":"1748-9326","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Güneralp","given":"B","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Seto","given":"K C","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Environmental Research Letters","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2013","3","1"]]},"page":"014025","title":"Futures of global urban expansion: uncertainties and implications for biodiversity conservation","type":"article-journal","volume":"8"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=d633f380-d3ee-47ce-8384-97aa10330d56"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"1","plainTextFormattedCitation":"1","previouslyFormattedCitation":"1"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}1. Un fenómeno que ha llevado a que en la actualidad más de la mitad de la población mundial (54.5%) viva en entornos urbanos, así como a las ciudades a pasar de albergar cerca de 200 millones de personas en 1920, a 4 billones de personas en la actualidad. De mantenerse esta tendencia, para el 2030 las ciudades podrían concentrar el 60% de la población global mundial. Un considerable crecimiento concentrado en países en desarrollo de Asia y América Latina, en las que las ciudades ya albergan el 70% de la población ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"United Nations","given":"","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"id":"ITEM-1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2014"]]},"title":"World Urbanization Prospects: The 2014 Revision, Highlights (ST/ESA/SER.A/352).","type":"report"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=5d4c761c-1ccf-4a80-9ef4-34fd729861ad"]},{"id":"ITEM-2","itemData":{"abstract":"increase of urban population; percentage urban; population division; un population division; united nations; urban growth; urban population","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"United Nations","given":"Population Division","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"id":"ITEM-2","issued":{"date-parts":[["2011"]]},"publisher-place":"New York","title":"World Urbanization Prospects: The 2011 Revision","type":"book"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=62053904-7100-469b-951b-8466aad4f1f7"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"2,3","plainTextFormattedCitation":"2,3","previouslyFormattedCitation":"2,3"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}2,3 El rápido y expansivo crecimiento urbano registrado a escala global, representa un desafío para la sostenibilidad ambiental ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"ISBN":"1708-3087","ISSN":"17083087","abstract":"Ecological research targeting sustainable urban landscapes needs to include findings and methods from many lines of ecological research, such as the link between biodiversity and ecosystem function, the role of humans in ecosystems, landscape connectivity, and resilience. This paper reviews and highlights the importance of these issues for sustainable use of ecosystem services, which is argued to be one aspect of sustainable cities. The paper stresses the need to include social and economic factors when analyzing urban landscapes. Spatially explicit data can be used to assess the roles different green areas have in providing people with ecosystem services, and whether people actually have access to the services. Such data can also be used to assess connectivity and heterogeneity, both argued to be central for continuous, long-term provision of these services, and to determine the role urban form has for sustainability.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Andersson","given":"Erik","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"id":"ITEM-1","issue":"1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2006"]]},"title":"Urban landscapes and sustainable cities","type":"article-journal","volume":"11"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=fc071b0e-a35f-4ba8-9649-c49682d39580"]},{"id":"ITEM-2","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1016/j.techsoc.2005.10.005","ISBN":"0160-791X","ISSN":"0160791X","abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to provide a broad overview of the recent patterns and trends of urban growth in developing countries. Over the last 20 years many urban areas have experienced dramatic growth, as a result of rapid population growth and as the world's economy has been transformed by a combination of rapid technological and political change. Around 3 billion people - virtually half of the world's total population-now live in urban settlements. And while cities command an increasingly dominant role in the global economy as centers of both production and consumption, rapid urban growth throughout the developing world is seriously outstripping the capacity of most cities to provide adequate services for their citizens. Over the next 30 years, virtually all of the world's population growth is expected to be concentrated in urban areas in the developing world. While much of the current sustainable cities debate focuses on the formidable problems for the world's largest urban agglomerations, the majority of all urban dwellers continue to reside in far smaller urban settlements. Many international agencies have yet to adequately recognize either the anticipated rapid growth of small and medium cities or the deteriorating living conditions of the urban poor. The challenges of achieving sustainable urban development will be particularly formidable in Africa. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Cohen","given":"Barney","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Technology in Society","id":"ITEM-2","issue":"1-2","issued":{"date-parts":[["2006"]]},"page":"63-80","title":"Urbanization in developing countries: Current trends, future projections, and key challenges for sustainability","type":"article-journal","volume":"28"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=d1975dcb-c145-4045-893c-2615fd580717"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"4,5","plainTextFormattedCitation":"4,5","previouslyFormattedCitation":"4,5"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}4,5. Particularmente, por la influencia que los procesos de urbanización pueden tener en la estructura y función de diferentes ecosistemas naturales, y su biodiversidad, así como en la calidad y cantidad de servicios ecosistémicos directamente ligados a la calidad de vida humana ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1126/science.1150195","ISSN":"1095-9203","PMID":"18258902","abstract":"Urban areas are hot spots that drive environmental change at multiple scales. Material demands of production and human consumption alter land use and cover, biodiversity, and hydrosystems locally to regionally, and urban waste discharge affects local to global biogeochemical cycles and climate. For urbanites, however, global environmental changes are swamped by dramatic changes in the local environment. Urban ecology integrates natural and social sciences to study these radically altered local environments and their regional and global effects. Cities themselves present both the problems and solutions to sustainability challenges of an increasingly urbanized world.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Grimm","given":"Nancy B","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Faeth","given":"Stanley H","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Golubiewski","given":"Nancy E","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Redman","given":"Charles L","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Wu","given":"Jianguo","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Bai","given":"Xuemei","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Briggs","given":"John M","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Science (New York, N.Y.)","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"5864","issued":{"date-parts":[["2008","2","8"]]},"page":"756-60","title":"Global change and the ecology of cities.","type":"article-journal","volume":"319"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=0bdcc26a-e8c9-470f-9661-1c09506c6baa"]},{"id":"ITEM-2","itemData":{"author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Alberti","given":"Marina","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Marzluff","given":"John M","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Shulenberger","given":"Eric","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Ryan","given":"Clare","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Zumbrunnen","given":"Craig","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Bradley","given":"Gordon","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"id":"ITEM-2","issued":{"date-parts":[["2013"]]},"title":"Integrating Humans into Ecology : Opportunities and Challenges for Studying Urban Ecosystems","type":"article-journal"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=a0e85d26-7b43-4878-ba68-3d2415f91c9d"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"6,7","plainTextFormattedCitation":"6,7","previouslyFormattedCitation":"6,7"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}6,7. A nivel estructural, la urbanización es un importante motor de cambio en las coberturas naturales de un territorio, las cuales son remplazadas por una matriz de paisaje compuesta de manera predominante por infraestructuras de concreto, pavimento, plástico y metal ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1023/B:UECO.0000044038.90173.c6","ISSN":"1083-8155","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Alberti","given":"Marina","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Marzluff","given":"John M.","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Urban Ecosystems","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"3","issued":{"date-parts":[["2004","9"]]},"page":"241-265","title":"Ecological resilience in urban ecosystems: Linking urban patterns to human and ecological functions","type":"article-journal","volume":"7"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=5f08257a-37a9-4e0f-9719-24aa1fd1716c"]},{"id":"ITEM-2","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1007/s11252-011-0166-7","ISSN":"1083-8155","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Pickett","given":"Steward T. a.","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Buckley","given":"Geoffrey L.","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Kaushal","given":"Sujay S.","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Williams","given":"Yvette","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Urban Ecosystems","id":"ITEM-2","issue":"3","issued":{"date-parts":[["2011","2","25"]]},"page":"319-339","title":"Social-ecological science in the humane metropolis","type":"article-journal","volume":"14"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=e2e69465-a064-4939-9b81-17f030394c7e"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"8,9"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}8,9. Un proceso que usualmente resulta en la fragmentación y degradación de hábitats naturales, los cuales terminan representados por pequeños y aislados parches de vegetación ubicados en la periferia urbana o en diferentes tipos de espacios verdes en la ciudad ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1098/rspb.2013.3330","ISBN":"0962-8452","ISSN":"1471-2954","PMID":"24523278","abstract":"Urbanization contributes to the loss of the world's biodiversity and the homogenization of its biota. However, comparative studies of urban biodiversity leading to robust generalities of the status and drivers of biodiversity in cities at the global scale are lacking. Here, we compiled the largest global dataset to date of two diverse taxa in cities: birds (54 cities) and plants (110 cities). We found that the majority of urban bird and plant species are native in the world's cities. Few plants and birds are cosmopolitan, the most common being Columba livia and Poa annua. The density of bird and plant species (the number of species per km(2)) has declined substantially: only 8% of native bird and 25% of native plant species are currently present compared with estimates of non-urban density of species. The current density of species in cities and the loss in density of species was best explained by anthropogenic features (landcover, city age) rather than by non-anthropogenic factors (geography, climate, topography). As urbanization continues to expand, efforts directed towards the conservation of intact vegetation within urban landscapes could support higher concentrations of both bird and plant species. Despite declines in the density of species, cities still retain endemic native species, thus providing opportunities for regional and global biodiversity conservation, restoration and education.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Aronson","given":"Myla","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Sorte","given":"Frank","non-dropping-particle":"La","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Nilon","given":"Charles","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Katti","given":"Madhusudan","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Goddard","given":"Mark","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Lepczyk","given":"Christopher","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Warren","given":"Paige","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Williams","given":"Nicholas","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Cilliers","given":"Sarel","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Clarkson","given":"Bruce","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Dobbs","given":"Cynnamon","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Dolan","given":"Rebecca","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Hedblom","given":"Marcus","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Klotz","given":"Stefan","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Kooijmans","given":"Jip","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Kühn","given":"Ingolf","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Macgregor-Fors","given":"Ian","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"McDonnell","given":"Mark","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Mörtberg","given":"Ulla","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Pysek","given":"Petr","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Siebert","given":"Stefan","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Sushinsky","given":"Jessica","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Werner","given":"Peter","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Winter","given":"Marten","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"1780","issued":{"date-parts":[["2014"]]},"page":"20133330","title":"A global analysis of the impacts of urbanization on bird and plant diversity reveals key anthropogenic drivers.","type":"article-journal","volume":"281"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=60e8a17f-302e-4a68-9251-935d5f12bcdb"]},{"id":"ITEM-2","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1046/j.1526-100x.2001.009003280.x","ISSN":"1061-2971","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Marzluff","given":"John M.","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Ewing","given":"Kern","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Restoration Ecology","id":"ITEM-2","issue":"3","issued":{"date-parts":[["2001","9"]]},"page":"280-292","title":"Restoration of Fragmented Landscapes for the Conservation of Birds: A General Framework and Specific Recommendations for Urbanizing Landscapes","type":"article-journal","volume":"9"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=066fba64-c76a-4da0-81f2-228a7e4790bb"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"10,11","plainTextFormattedCitation":"10,11","previouslyFormattedCitation":"10,11"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}10,11. A nivel funcional, las transformaciones urbanas usualmente conllevan a fenómenos tales como la generación de islas de calor, una alta concentración de metales pesados en suelos y fuentes de agua, contaminación atmosférica, incremento en el estrés hídrico o cambios en los patrones de escorrentía ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1126/science.1150195","ISSN":"1095-9203","PMID":"18258902","abstract":"Urban areas are hot spots that drive environmental change at multiple scales. Material demands of production and human consumption alter land use and cover, biodiversity, and hydrosystems locally to regionally, and urban waste discharge affects local to global biogeochemical cycles and climate. For urbanites, however, global environmental changes are swamped by dramatic changes in the local environment. Urban ecology integrates natural and social sciences to study these radically altered local environments and their regional and global effects. Cities themselves present both the problems and solutions to sustainability challenges of an increasingly urbanized world.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Grimm","given":"Nancy B","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Faeth","given":"Stanley H","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Golubiewski","given":"Nancy E","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Redman","given":"Charles L","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Wu","given":"Jianguo","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Bai","given":"Xuemei","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Briggs","given":"John M","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Science (New York, N.Y.)","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"5864","issued":{"date-parts":[["2008","2","8"]]},"page":"756-60","title":"Global change and the ecology of cities.","type":"article-journal","volume":"319"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=0bdcc26a-e8c9-470f-9661-1c09506c6baa"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"6","plainTextFormattedCitation":"6","previouslyFormattedCitation":"6"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}6. Como resultado, las ciudades son escenarios territoriales con significativos cambios en los regímenes climáticos e hídricos, ciclos biogeoquímicos, y los flujos de materia y energía ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1002/joc.859","ISSN":"0899-8418","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Arnfield","given":"A. John","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"International Journal of Climatology","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2003","1"]]},"page":"1-26","title":"Two decades of urban climate research: a review of turbulence, exchanges of energy and water, and the urban heat island","type":"article-journal","volume":"23"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=8c0b9875-0c31-4297-a6b4-5cf262091b96"]},{"id":"ITEM-2","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1126/science.1150195","ISSN":"1095-9203","PMID":"18258902","abstract":"Urban areas are hot spots that drive environmental change at multiple scales. Material demands of production and human consumption alter land use and cover, biodiversity, and hydrosystems locally to regionally, and urban waste discharge affects local to global biogeochemical cycles and climate. For urbanites, however, global environmental changes are swamped by dramatic changes in the local environment. Urban ecology integrates natural and social sciences to study these radically altered local environments and their regional and global effects. Cities themselves present both the problems and solutions to sustainability challenges of an increasingly urbanized world.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Grimm","given":"Nancy B","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Faeth","given":"Stanley H","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Golubiewski","given":"Nancy E","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Redman","given":"Charles L","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Wu","given":"Jianguo","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Bai","given":"Xuemei","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Briggs","given":"John M","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Science (New York, N.Y.)","id":"ITEM-2","issue":"5864","issued":{"date-parts":[["2008","2","8"]]},"page":"756-60","title":"Global change and the ecology of cities.","type":"article-journal","volume":"319"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=0bdcc26a-e8c9-470f-9661-1c09506c6baa"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"6,12","plainTextFormattedCitation":"6,12","previouslyFormattedCitation":"6,12"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}6,12. Existe una marcada preocupación por el impacto que el crecimiento urbano puede tener en la diversidad y distribución de diferentes grupos biológicos ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1371/journal.pone.0154613","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Liu","given":"Zhifeng","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"He","given":"Chunyang","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Wu","given":"Jianguo","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"PloS one","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"4","issued":{"date-parts":[["2016"]]},"page":"1-17","title":"The Relationship between Habitat Loss and Fragmentation during Urbanization: An Empirical Evaluation from 16 World Cities","type":"article-journal","volume":"11"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=d22cc095-30db-43b3-857d-4d868622dde4"]},{"id":"ITEM-2","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1007/s11252-011-0157-8","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"York","given":"Abigail M","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Shrestha","given":"Milan","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Boone","given":"Christopher G","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Zhang","given":"Sainan","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Jr","given":"John A Harrington","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Prebyl","given":"Thomas J","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Swann","given":"Amaris","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Agar","given":"Michael","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Antolin","given":"Michael F","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Nolen","given":"Barbara","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Wright","given":"John B","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Skaggs","given":"Rhonda","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Urban Ecosystems","id":"ITEM-2","issue":"3","issued":{"date-parts":[["2011"]]},"page":"429-455","title":"Land fragmentation under rapid urbanization: A cross-site analysis of Southwestern cities","type":"article-journal","volume":"14"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=40dfa23f-33fe-4014-b3aa-64e7736be134"]},{"id":"ITEM-3","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1016/j.biocon.2012.06.018","ISSN":"00063207","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Magle","given":"Seth B.","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Hunt","given":"Victoria M.","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Vernon","given":"Marian","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Crooks","given":"Kevin R.","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Biological Conservation","id":"ITEM-3","issued":{"date-parts":[["2012","10"]]},"page":"23-32","publisher":"Elsevier Ltd","title":"Urban wildlife research: Past, present, and future","type":"article-journal","volume":"155"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=63f3c71a-b1f9-4000-a137-3649401b3c82"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"13–15","plainTextFormattedCitation":"13–15","previouslyFormattedCitation":"13–15"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}13–15. En el caso de las aves, se ha reconocido que la urbanización afecta los patrones riqueza y abundancia, así como el uso de hábitat, los hábitos de forrajeo y los comportamientos de reproducción de múltiples especies ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1080/00063650009461156","ISBN":"0006365000","ISSN":"0006-3657","abstract":"We studied how human presence in three urban parks in Madrid (Spain)\\nmight affect Blackbird densities by changing feeding behaviour patterns.\\nOur specific purposes were: (a) to ascertain the effect of park visitors\\non Blackbird feeding behaviour; (b) to analyse the influence of human\\ndisturbance on foraging success; and (c) to determine how humans affect\\nBlackbird spatial and temporal patterns of habitat use. Pedestrians were\\nthe main source of flushing responses in ail sampled parks, followed by\\nMagpies Pica pica and dogs accompanying visitors. Blackbird responses to\\nvisitors entailed more time being vigilant and moving away from people\\nand less time searching for food (decreasing food intake), a response\\nthat remained constant in the three parks. The number of pedestrians was\\npositively correlated with Blackbird distance to pathways and negatively\\ncorrelated with distance to protective cover. The number of active birds\\ndecreased with increase in the number of pedestrians during the day.\\nBlackbird density was negatively related to the number of visitors per\\npark. Our results confirmed that human disturbance negatively affects\\nBlackbird feeding strategies in urban parks, ultimately modifying\\nspatial and temporal patterns of habitat selection and abundance. Since\\nsuch responses could also affect densities of other urban species by the\\nsame process, we propose some management measures to decrease the levels\\nof disturbance as well as to enhance the recreational use of urban\\nparks.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Fernandez-Juricic","given":"E","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Telleria","given":"J L","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Bird Study","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2000","3"]]},"page":"13-21","title":"Effects of human disturbance on spatial and temporal feeding patterns of Blackbird Turdus merula in urban parks in Madrid, Spain","type":"article-journal","volume":"47"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=3553f6dc-5617-426c-a606-ad77edd963e7"]},{"id":"ITEM-2","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2004.08.007","ISBN":"01692046 (ISSN)","ISSN":"01692046","PMID":"52","abstract":"The effect of urbanization can be immense, yet our understanding is rudimentary. Here, we compile the most recent information on urban impacts on avian populations and communities. Compared to other vertebrates, birds are easily monitored by skilled observers and provide a mechanism to explore urban effects and responses to different urban designs. Taxonomically, bird communities in distinctly different habitats are most different in the least disturbed sites and the most similar in the most urbanized sites. Urbanization tends tAlterraAlterra, o select for omnivorous, granivorous, and cavity nesting species. Increased urbanization typically leads to an increase in avian biomass but a reduction in richness. Unlike most passerines, raptors may have home ranges that extend beyond the urban boundary and therefore do not need to meet all their ecological requirements within urban areas. Urban habitats are often of superior quality to raptors because there they are often free from persecution and have an adequate food supply. The processes that underlie the patterns of population and community level responses need more attention, but several areas of have been identified as being important. Birds respond to vegetation composition and structure, and urban areas that retain native vegetative characteristics retain more native species than those that do not. Avian fecundity in urban areas is a reflection of species-specific adaptability to urban resources, and to levels of nest predation and nest parasitism. Additionally, non-consumptive human activities that increase with urbanization are recognized as having negative impacts on avian populations and communities. Avian survivorship in urban areas is influenced by risk of collision with man-made objects, changes in the predator assemblage, food supply, and disease. Missing are thorough investigations in the regions of highest human population growth, e.g. Southeast Asia. Additionally, there is a paucity of information from regions of high avian diversity, e.g. tropical forests. Clearly, local knowledge and study is required before implementation of management policies to reduce urban impacts on bird communities. Hopefully, such policies will include long-term monitoring. Demographic parameters of fecundity and survivorship need to be examined in conjunction with measures of community diversity and density across the urban gradient to better understand the quality of different urban habitats, and the variation of…","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Chace","given":"Jameson","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Walsh","given":"John","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Landscape and Urban Planning","id":"ITEM-2","issue":"1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2006","1"]]},"page":"46-69","title":"Urban effects on native avifauna: A review","type":"paper-conference","volume":"74"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=4c0effab-9ed4-4ad6-b40c-47247bbe03d6"]},{"id":"ITEM-3","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1111/ibi.12430","ISSN":"00191019","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Marzluff","given":"John M.","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Ibis","id":"ITEM-3","issued":{"date-parts":[["2016"]]},"page":"1-13","title":"A decadal review of urban ornithology and a prospectus for the future","type":"article-journal"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=7f9c2023-f3de-4528-8e0a-90296354578f"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"16–18","plainTextFormattedCitation":"16–18","previouslyFormattedCitation":"16–18"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}16–18. Esto lleva a cambios relacionados con la desaparición de especies nativas, usualmente menos tolerantes a las condiciones urbanas, así como al aumento en la abundancia de un reducido grupo de especies generalmente exóticas (llamadas sinantrópicas), que se benefician de la infraestructura urbana y la actividad humana ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2004.08.007","ISBN":"01692046 (ISSN)","ISSN":"01692046","PMID":"52","abstract":"The effect of urbanization can be immense, yet our understanding is rudimentary. Here, we compile the most recent information on urban impacts on avian populations and communities. Compared to other vertebrates, birds are easily monitored by skilled observers and provide a mechanism to explore urban effects and responses to different urban designs. Taxonomically, bird communities in distinctly different habitats are most different in the least disturbed sites and the most similar in the most urbanized sites. Urbanization tends tAlterraAlterra, o select for omnivorous, granivorous, and cavity nesting species. Increased urbanization typically leads to an increase in avian biomass but a reduction in richness. Unlike most passerines, raptors may have home ranges that extend beyond the urban boundary and therefore do not need to meet all their ecological requirements within urban areas. Urban habitats are often of superior quality to raptors because there they are often free from persecution and have an adequate food supply. The processes that underlie the patterns of population and community level responses need more attention, but several areas of have been identified as being important. Birds respond to vegetation composition and structure, and urban areas that retain native vegetative characteristics retain more native species than those that do not. Avian fecundity in urban areas is a reflection of species-specific adaptability to urban resources, and to levels of nest predation and nest parasitism. Additionally, non-consumptive human activities that increase with urbanization are recognized as having negative impacts on avian populations and communities. Avian survivorship in urban areas is influenced by risk of collision with man-made objects, changes in the predator assemblage, food supply, and disease. Missing are thorough investigations in the regions of highest human population growth, e.g. Southeast Asia. Additionally, there is a paucity of information from regions of high avian diversity, e.g. tropical forests. Clearly, local knowledge and study is required before implementation of management policies to reduce urban impacts on bird communities. Hopefully, such policies will include long-term monitoring. Demographic parameters of fecundity and survivorship need to be examined in conjunction with measures of community diversity and density across the urban gradient to better understand the quality of different urban habitats, and the variation of…","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Chace","given":"Jameson","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Walsh","given":"John","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Landscape and Urban Planning","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2006","1"]]},"page":"46-69","title":"Urban effects on native avifauna: A review","type":"paper-conference","volume":"74"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=4c0effab-9ed4-4ad6-b40c-47247bbe03d6"]},{"id":"ITEM-2","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1007/s11252-007-0045-4","ISSN":"1083-8155","abstract":"Many studies have described the effects of urbanization on species richness. These studies indicate that urbanization can increase or decrease species richness, depending on several variables. Some of these variables include: taxonomic group, spatial scale of analysis, and intensity of urbanization. Recent reviews of birds (the most-studied group) indicate that species richness decreases with increasing urbanization in most cases but produces no change or even increases richness in some studies. Here I expand beyond the bird studies by reviewing 105 studies on the effects of urbanization on the species richness of non-avian species: mammals, reptiles, amphibians, invertebrates and plants. For all groups, species richness tends to be reduced in areas with extreme urbanization (i.e., central urban core areas). However, the effects of moderate levels of urbanization (i.e., suburban areas) vary significantly among groups. Most of the plant studies (about 65%) indicate increasing species richness with moderate urbanization whereas only a minority of invertebrate studies (about 30%) and a very small minority of non-avian vertebrate studies (about 12%) show increasing species richness. Possible explanations for these results are discussed, including the importance of nonnative species importation, spatial heterogeneity, intermediate disturbance and scale as major factors influencing species richness.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"McKinney","given":"Michael L.","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Urban Ecosystems","id":"ITEM-2","issue":"2","issued":{"date-parts":[["2008","1","29"]]},"page":"161-176","title":"Effects of urbanization on species richness: A review of plants and animals","type":"article-journal","volume":"11"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=53d4f62e-f0e4-43be-b41f-4531861664e0"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"17,19","plainTextFormattedCitation":"17,19","previouslyFormattedCitation":"17,19"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}17,19. Igualmente, el crecimiento de las ciudades usualmente se relaciona con efectos negativos sobre especies con dietas frugívoras e insectívoras, así como las que anidan en el suelo y cavidades ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1016/j.biocon.2005.06.035","ISSN":"00063207","abstract":"We studied the homogenisation effects of urbanisation on avifauna in towns of three coun- tries selected along a latitudinal gradient: Italy, France and Finland. In each town (n = 19), numbers of species were analysed along an urbanisation gradient using two urban sectors (centre and suburban) and one non-urban sector (periurban), representing the regional spe- cies pool. Firstly, we compared the avifauna by using species richness and similarity indexes along the urban gradient (S) and latitudinal gradient (L). In Europe, the number of exotic bird species in towns was low. The number of species decreased from the periur- ban and suburban sectors to the centre sector. Thus, the generally low number of species and few dominant birds indicate that urban bird communities are structurally simple. In addition, many habitat specialists were lacking from urban centres. The centre species rep- resented about 43% of periurban species (similarity S). There was no correlation between town size and species trend in sectors. However, bird community similarity L was lower between town centres than between periurban areas. Latitude explained 89% of the species difference in periurban sector but only 52% in the centre, supporting the homogenisation effect of urbanisation. Secondly, we examined the homogenisation effect through the var- iability of some specific life-history traits (diets, nest heights, feeding habitats) by using data on Passeriformes. Our results suggested that urbanisation might cause homogenisa- tion by decreasing the abundance of ground nesting bird species and bird species preferring bush-shrub habitats. Urbanisation appeared a cause of taxonomic homogenisation of the avifauna but the effects of latitude and urban habitat diversity may make generalisation difficult.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Clergeau","given":"Philippe","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Croci","given":"Solene","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Jokimaki","given":"J","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Kaisanlahti-Jokimaki","given":"M L","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Dinetti","given":"Marco","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Jokimäki","given":"Jukka","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Kaisanlahti-Jokimäki","given":"Marja-Liisa","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Biological Conservation","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"3","issued":{"date-parts":[["2006","1"]]},"note":"From Duplicate 1 ( \n\n\nAvifauna homogenisation by urbanisation: Analysis at different European latitudes\n\n\n- Clergeau, Philippe; Croci, Solene; Jokimäki, Jukka; Kaisanlahti-Jokimäki, Marja-Liisa; Dinetti, Marco )\n\n","page":"336-344","title":"Avifauna homogenisation by urbanisation: Analysis at different European latitudes","type":"article-journal","volume":"127"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=76a602df-8dcf-4ab2-9874-a6c5d0065411"]},{"id":"ITEM-2","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00032.x","ISSN":"0888-8892","abstract":"We tested whether reserve size, landscape surrounding the reserve, and their interaction affect forest songbirds in the metropolitan area of Seattle, Washington (U.S.A.), by studying 29 reserves of varying size (small, medium, large) and surrounding urbanization intensity (urban, suburban, exurban). Larger reserves contained richer and less even bird communities than smaller reserves. These size effects disappeared when we removed the positive correlation of shrub diversity with reserve size, suggesting that greater habitat diversity in large reserves supported additional species, some of which were rare. Standardizing the number of individuals detected among all reserve size classes reversed the effect of size on richness in exurban landscapes and reduced the magnitude of the effect in suburban or urban landscapes. The latter change suggested that richness increased with reserve size in most landscapes because larger areas also supported larger samples fromthe regional bird species pool. Most bird species associated with native forest habitat (native forest species) and with human activity (synanthropic species) were present in reserves larger than 42 ha and surrounded by >40% urban land cover, respectively. Thus, we recommend these thresholds as means for conserving the composition of native birdcommunities in this mostly forested region. Native forest specieswere least abundant and synanthropic species most abundant in urban landscapes, where exotic ground and shrub vegetationwas most common. Therefore, control of exotic vegetation may benefit native songbird populations. Bird nests in shrubswere most dense in medium (suburban) and large reserves (urban) and tended to be most successful in medium (suburban) and large reserves (exurban), potentially supplying another mechanism by which reserve size increased retention of native forest species.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Donnelly","given":"Roarke","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Marzluff","given":"John","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Conservation Biology","id":"ITEM-2","issue":"3","issued":{"date-parts":[["2004","6"]]},"note":"From Duplicate 2 ( \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nImportance of Reserve Size and Landscape Context to Urban Bird Conservation\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n- Donnelly, Roarke; Marzluff, John M. )\n\n\n\n","page":"733-745","title":"Importance of Reserve Size and Landscape Context to Urban Bird Conservation","type":"article-journal","volume":"18"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=e7e0eda0-51e8-4cd7-89ca-d62fb156b104"]},{"id":"ITEM-3","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2011.10.011","ISBN":"0169-2046","ISSN":"01692046","abstract":"Maintaining biodiversity in urbanised landscapes has become a conservation issue. Although numerous studies have shown that avifauna decreases according to urbanisation level, little is known about the influence of urban characteristics on avifauna in densely urbanised areas. This study took place in the centre of a highly urbanised area, Paris, France, where we defined a grid of 94 cells of 1km 2 each. Using Bayesian model averaging, we examined the variation of diversity and abundance of breeding birds (41 species) through their feeding and nesting behaviours. We then analysed the responses of these guilds to composition (proportion of different types of buildings and green spaces) and configuration (heterogeneity, spatial arrangement of green spaces). The abundance of omnivorous and tree nester species was influenced by urban characteristics such as building heterogeneity. The positive influence of shrub cover on insectivorous species abundance was greater in areas with a high density of medium-height buildings. Omnivorous species abundance increased with the juxtaposition of vegetation when the bare soil cover was low, and decreased otherwise. Globally, the abundance of omnivorous, ground and tree nester species was sensitive to building characteristics, whereas insectivorous and granivorous species as well as roof nesters may benefit from green space management. We concluded that urban planning can also promote avifauna abundance in the city centre by varying the heights of buildings in urban renewal projects rather than clustering buildings of similar height, or by focusing on the spatial configuration of green spaces (especially their proximity) rather than their area. ?? 2011 Elsevier B.V.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Pellissier","given":"Vincent","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Cohen","given":"Marianne","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Boulay","given":"Antoine","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Clergeau","given":"Philippe","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Landscape and Urban Planning","id":"ITEM-3","issue":"2","issued":{"date-parts":[["2012","2"]]},"note":"From Duplicate 1 ( \n\n\nBirds are also sensitive to landscape composition and configuration within the city centre\n\n\n- Pellissier, Vincent; Cohen, Marianne; Boulay, Antoine; Clergeau, Philippe )\n\n","page":"181-188","publisher":"Elsevier B.V.","title":"Birds are also sensitive to landscape composition and configuration within the city centre","type":"article-journal","volume":"104"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=10d206b3-bfff-477d-9a60-bbd359a6cd7f"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"20–22","plainTextFormattedCitation":"20–22","previouslyFormattedCitation":"20–22"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}20–22, mientras favorece la abundancia de aquellas generalistas con dietas granívoras y omnívoras, capaces de anidar en edificaciones ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"DOI":"10.5751/ACE-01082-120211","ISSN":"1712-6568","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"MacGregor-Fors","given":"Ian","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Quesada","given":"Javier","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Lee","given":"Jeffrey G-H.","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Yeh","given":"Pamela J.","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Avian Conservation and Ecology","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"2","issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]},"page":"art11","title":"Space invaders: House Sparrow densities along three urban-agricultural landscapes","type":"article-journal","volume":"12"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=4ac6e54e-1e15-45d8-9ac5-f0cdfac8d3db"]},{"id":"ITEM-2","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1016/j.biocon.2009.09.013","ISSN":"00063207","abstract":"We assessed the impact of domestic cats on population persistence of native and exotic urban bird pop- ulations using a model adjusted for habitat-specific catch rates, cat ownership and hunting activity data. GPS-derived home ranges of 32 cats and resource selection indices demonstrated the degree of penetra- tion and preference for native vegetation fragments. Owners reported on prey brought back by 144 domestic cats in Dunedin, New Zealand, during 12 months. One third of cats never brought back prey, and 21% returned more than one item/month. Cats brought back a mean of 13.4 prey items/year (med- ian = 4), with cats aged