Modelo para factores de riesgo psicosociales, estrés y depresión en trabajadores de la salud de un Hospital de IV nivel, Bogotá, 2023-2024.

Introducción: El estrés laboral es definido como un patrón de reacciones psicológicas, cognitivas y conductuales que se dan cuando los trabajadores se enfrentan a exigencias ocupacionales que no se corresponden con su nivel de conocimiento, destreza o habilidades ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"DOI":"https://dx.doi.org/10.4321/S0465-546X2013000200006","abstract":"Resumen Introducción: Los riesgos psicosociales y en particular el estrés se han convertido en uno de los principales problemas para la salud y la seguridad laboral. Se ha realizado una revisión de la literatura científica actual sobre el estrés debido a su importancia como riesgo emergente, y la repercusión de este problema en la productividad y el deterioro de la calidad de vida en el personal sanitario que desarrolla su actividad profesional en medio hospitalario, así como intentar identificar los principales métodos de evaluación del estrés actualmente utilizados. Objetivos: Conocer el estado actual del estrés en el personal hospitalario e identificar los principales métodos de evaluación.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Aguado Martín","given":"JI","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Bátiz Cano","given":"A","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Quintana Pérez","given":"S","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Med Segur Trab (Internet)","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"231","issued":{"date-parts":[["2013"]]},"page":"259-275","title":"The stress in the hospital sanitary personnel; current status","type":"article-journal","volume":"59"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=c4e8175b-dd89-4100-a09b-c6834d6bb7dd"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(1)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(1)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Aguado Martín et al., 2013)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}(1). Adicionalmente, el estrés tiene un rol importante en el desencadenamiento y evolución de los trastornos mentales como la depresión ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"URL":"https://www.gallup.com/analytics/349280/gallup-global-emotions-report.aspx","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2023","2","20"]]},"author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Gallup","given":"","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Global Emotions","id":"ITEM-1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2023"]]},"title":"Informe de emociones globales - Gallup","type":"webpage"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=5628d615-ff69-3536-b7b8-1734aceaa4ba","http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=3a09daf6-77e8-4b48-b959-296a47f94240"]},{"id":"ITEM-2","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110249","ISSN":"18791360","PMID":"32977198","abstract":"Background: Depressive symptoms induced by insurmountable job stress and sick leave for mental health reasons have become a focal concern among occupational health specialists. The present study introduces the Occupational Depression Inventory (ODI), a measure designed to quantify the severity of work-attributed depressive symptoms and establish provisional diagnoses of job-ascribed depression. The ODI comprises nine symptom items and a subsidiary question assessing turnover intention. Methods: A total of 2254 employed individuals were recruited in the U.S., New Zealand, and France. We examined the psychometric and structural properties of the ODI as well as the nomological network of work-attributed depressive symptoms. We adopted an approach centered on exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) bifactor analysis. We developed a diagnostic algorithm for identifying likely cases of job-ascribed depression (SPSS syntax provided). Results: The ODI showed strong reliability and high factorial validity. ESEM bifactor analysis indicated that, as intended, the ODI can be used as a unidimensional measure (Explained Common Variance = 0.891). Work-attributed depressive symptoms correlated in the expected direction with our other variables of interest―e.g., job satisfaction, general health status―and were markedly associated with turnover intention. Of our 2254 participants, 7.6% (n = 172) met the criteria for a provisional diagnosis of job-ascribed depression. Conclusions: This study suggests that the ODI constitutes a sound measure of work-attributed depressive symptoms. The ODI may help occupational health researchers and practitioners identify, track, and treat job-ascribed depression more effectively. ODI-based research may contribute to informing occupational health policies and regulations in the future.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Bianchi","given":"Renzo","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Schonfeld","given":"Irvin Sam","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Journal of Psychosomatic Research","id":"ITEM-2","issue":"September","issued":{"date-parts":[["2020"]]},"page":"110249","publisher":"Elsevier","title":"The Occupational Depression Inventory: A new tool for clinicians and epidemiologists","type":"article-journal","volume":"138"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=3eb8ecd9-5e21-4c1c-aa62-a4d20209f934"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(2,3)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(2,3)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Bianchi & Schonfeld, 2020; Gallup, 2023)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}(2,3). Bajo este panorama, el personal de salud reporta altos niveles de depresión principalmente en profesiones como medicina y enfermería ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"CESISM","given":"","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Universidad CES","id":"ITEM-1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2020"]]},"title":"Centro de Excelencia en Investigación en Salud Mental","type":"webpage"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=b3d9f8d3-6173-435f-8a51-98a633d246ad","http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=8f7880b0-909f-4250-a781-93f99a7534b7"]},{"id":"ITEM-2","itemData":{"DOI":"10.3390/ijerph17155514","ISSN":"1660-4601 (Electronic)","PMID":"32751624","abstract":"The number of health workers infected with COVID-19 in Spain is one of the highest in the world. The aim of this study is to analyse posttraumatic stress, anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. Associations between burnout, resilience, demographic, work and COVID-19 variables are analysed. Cross-sectional data on 1422 health workers were analysed. A total of 56.6% of health workers present symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, 58.6% anxiety disorder, 46% depressive disorder and 41.1% feel emotionally drained. The profile of a health worker with greater posttraumatic stress symptoms would be a person who works in the Autonomous Community of Madrid, in a hospital, is a woman, is concerned that a person he/she lives with may be infected, and thinks that he/she is very likely to be infected. The risk variables for anxiety and depression would be a person that is a woman, working 12- or 24-h shifts, and being worried that a family member could be infected. High scores on emotional exhaustion and depersonalization are risk factors for mental health, with resilience and personal fulfilment being protective variables. Data are provided to improve preventive measures for occupational health workers.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Luceño-Moreno","given":"Lourdes","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Talavera-Velasco","given":"Beatriz","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"García-Albuerne","given":"Yolanda","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Martín-García","given":"Jesús","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"International journal of environmental research and public health","id":"ITEM-2","issue":"15","issued":{"date-parts":[["2020","7"]]},"language":"eng","publisher-place":"Switzerland","title":"Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress, Anxiety, Depression, Levels of Resilience and Burnout in Spanish Health Personnel during the COVID-19 Pandemic.","type":"article-journal","volume":"17"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=a4bc7b82-fe16-4a43-9cad-1b3ecd140025"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(4,5)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(4,5)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(CESISM, 2020; Luceño-Moreno et al., 2020)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}(4,5). Ahora bien, algunos estudios resaltan la relación entre depresión y estrés laboral en trabajadores de la salud (OR 1.56; IC 95%, 1.24-1.97; p < .001; n 310; médicos, enfermeras y personal de apoyo médico de China) ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.03.011","ISSN":"1873-7714","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Du","given":"Jiang","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Dong","given":"Lu","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Wang","given":"Tao","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Yuan","given":"Chenxin","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Fu","given":"Rao","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Zhang","given":"Lei","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Liu","given":"Bo","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Zhang","given":"Mingmin","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Yin","given":"Yuanyuan","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Qin","given":"Jiawen","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Bouey","given":"Jennifer","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Zhao","given":"Min","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Li","given":"Xin","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"General hospital psychiatry","edition":"2020/04/03","id":"ITEM-1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2020"]]},"language":"eng","page":"144-145","publisher":"Elsevier Inc.","title":"Psychological symptoms among frontline healthcare workers during COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan","type":"article-journal","volume":"67"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=6556eca3-49b3-4599-b390-d6bec20eeb29","http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=3de2dfa5-f4b3-45f7-8f06-0e305e2bf4fb"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(6)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(6)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Du et al., 2020)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}(6) y el efecto directo que tiene el estrés sobre la depresión (β .694, p < .001; n 574 supervisores o gerentes de EEUU y Canadá) ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1080/15555240.2020.1775625","abstract":"Despite much existing research on corporate social responsibility (CSR), there have been no studies, to date, on stress symptoms in models of employee CSR perceptions and their consequences. This study’s results showed that CSR perceptions and stress symptoms were negatively correlated, and inter-related in their effects on other variables. CSR perceptions also predicted depression symptoms and work engagement directly, and indirectly through job satisfaction and organizational commitment. CSR perceptions also predicted turnover intentions indirectly through the same variables. Interpretations, implications, and limitations of these results were discussed. Overall, this study augments the CSR literature by exploring CSR perceptions in the context of well-being variables.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Svergun","given":"O.","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Fairlie","given":"P.","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"3","issued":{"date-parts":[["2020"]]},"page":"193-210","title":"The interrelated roles of corporate social responsibility and stress in predicting job outcomes","type":"article-journal","volume":"35"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=57e6809e-b534-37b8-ab55-30ce99890e74","http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=c5ce59bd-8790-4563-ae98-02662894365f"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(7)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(7)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Svergun & Fairlie, 2020)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}(7). Así como, la relación e influencia sobre estos, de múltiples factores personales ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"DOI":"10.3389/fpsyg.2022.912275","abstract":"The preschool education profession often faces many challenges and preschool teachers, as important members of the preschool education profession must respond to a variety of emergencies with young children, which also leads to high levels of job stress and can have a negative impact on their ongoing well-being. Past research has pointed out that a healthy lifestyle is one of the key factors in enhancing sustainable well-being in high-stress work situations and many studies have found that good leisure activity engagement as a healthy lifestyle is associated with higher levels of well-being. However, the relationship between preschool teachers’ leisure engagement and sustainable well-being has been less explored. Therefore, this study proposed seven research hypotheses based on the engagement theory proposed by Fredricks et al. (2004) and developed a research model to explore the relationship between three types of leisure engagement, including behavioral, affective and cognitive, and preschool teachers’ job stress and sustainable well-being, using age as a control variable. This study used a cross-sectional web-based questionnaire with a convenience sample of 500 preschool teachers in China. The collected data were analyzed for reliability and validity, model fit testing and structural equation modeling for model validation after removing invalid data and incomplete responses. The results of the study showed that (a) behavioral engagement was not related with either the job stress or sustainable well-being of preschool teachers; (b) Emotional and cognitive engagement were negatively related to job stress but positively related to the sustainable well-being of preschool teachers; and (c) Job stress was negatively related to the sustainable well-being of preschool teachers; (d) Age is an effective control variable. From the above results, it is clear that not all three types of leisure engagement are effective in terms of reducing the work stress of preschool teachers. As well as being related to the sustainable well-being of preschool teachers emotional and cognitive engagement contributed more to sustainable well-being acquisition.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Nong","given":"L.","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Wu","given":"Y.-F.","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Ye","given":"J.-H.","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Liao","given":"C.","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Wei","given":"C.","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Frontiers in Psychology","id":"ITEM-1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2022"]]},"title":"The effect of leisure engagement on preschool teachers’ job stress and sustainable well-being","type":"article-journal","volume":"13"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=9727d545-e975-3f0d-b208-aeadb7d04eac","http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=743b99c0-51f1-412c-af25-149023eebc53"]},{"id":"ITEM-2","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1002/jts.22836","abstract":"Acts of violence are the fifth leading cause of nonfatal occupational injuries in the United States. Experiencing a traumatic event at work can have serious mental health consequences, including the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study aimed to quantify the prevalence of PTSD caused by workplace violence (WPV) in a statewide workers’ compensation system and compare the outcomes and treatment of WPV cases versus those caused by other traumatic events. Using a retrospective cohort study design, workers who reported PTSD as the primary reason for a workers’ compensation claim and had no coexisting physical injuries were found in California during 2009–2018. A total of 3,772 PTSD cases were identified, 48.9% of which were attributed to WPV. Demographic risk factors associated with WPV PTSD included lower income, younger age, female gender, and employment in retail or finance, p