La Dimensión Social del Burnout: Redes sociales en organizaciones y el desarrollo del síndrome de burnout.

El síndrome de burnout (SBO) es de acuerdo a la Organización Mundial de la Salud, un fenómeno ocupacional que resulta de la exposición crónica al estrés laboral ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"URL":"https://www.who.int/mental_health/evidence/burn-out/en/#:~:text=“Burn-out is a syndrome,related to one's job%3B and","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2020","7","29"]]},"author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"OMS","given":"","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"id":"ITEM-1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2019"]]},"title":"Burn-out and \"occupational phenomenon\": International Classification of Diseases","type":"webpage"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=23300267-7f92-4064-843b-f6d09b32b7dd"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(OMS, 2019)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(OMS, 2019)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(OMS, 2019)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}(OMS, 2019), en particular el relacionado con las relaciones interpersonales en el trabajo ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"abstract":"Burnout is a prolonged response to chronic emotional and interpersonal stressors on the job, and is defined by the three dimensions of exhaustion, cynicism, and inefficacy. The past 25 years of research has established the complexity of the construct, and places the individual stress experience within a larger organizational context of people’s relation to theirwork. Recently, thework on burnout has expanded internationally and has led to new conceptual models. The focus on engagement, the positive antithesis of burnout, promises to yield new perspectives on interventions to alleviate burnout. The social focus of burnout, the solid research basis concerning the syndrome, and its specific ties to the work domain make a distinct and valuable contribution to people’s health and well-being.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Maslach","given":"Christina","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Schaufeli","given":"Wilmar B","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Leiter","given":"Michael P","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"id":"ITEM-1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2001"]]},"page":"397-422","title":"Job Burnout","type":"article-journal"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=8a480485-06e9-43f8-9e53-6fb3cd741799"]},{"id":"ITEM-2","itemData":{"author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Peiró","given":"José María","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"González-Romá","given":"Vicente","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Tordera","given":"Nuria","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Mañas","given":"Miguel","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Psychology & Health","id":"ITEM-2","issued":{"date-parts":[["2001"]]},"page":"511-525","title":"Does Role Stress Predict Burnout Over Time Among Health Care Professionals?","type":"article-journal","volume":"15"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=726c525e-f55a-4b0e-b743-1e2134a93741"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(Maslach et al., 2001; Peiró et al., 2001)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Maslach et al., 2001; Peiró et al., 2001)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Maslach et al., 2001; Peiró et al., 2001)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}(Maslach et al., 2001; Peiró et al., 2001). El SBO se ha relacionado con resultados negativos para la salud de los trabajadores tales como depresión, ansiedad, consumo de alcohol, y problemas cardiovasculares ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Ahola","given":"Kirsi","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Hakanen","given":"Jari","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"chapter-number":"Burnout an","container-title":"Burnout at Work. A Psychological Perspective","editor":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Leiter","given":"Michael P.","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Bakker","given":"Arnold.","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Maslach","given":"Christina","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"id":"ITEM-1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2014"]]},"page":"9-31","publisher":"Psychology Press","publisher-place":"New York","title":"Burnout and Health","type":"chapter"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=b4a67d85-fd86-4b71-b957-e6527c3f55ff"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(Ahola & Hakanen, 2014)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Ahola & Hakanen, 2014)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Ahola & Hakanen, 2014)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}(Ahola & Hakanen, 2014). También se ha relacionado con resultados negativos para las organizaciones como ausentismo e intenciones de renuncia ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1177/1049732308316024","ISBN":"1049732308","ISSN":"10497323","abstract":"In the late 1990s, there was a marked increase in Sweden in long-term sickness absence with mental diagnoses. In the extensive research on burnout, little attention has been paid to the link with sickness absence. Our aim in this study was to discover what caused burnout, or such severe stress that it led to long-term sickness absence (> 28 days). We interviewed 32 individuals on long-term sickness absence with a diagnosis of burnout and used grounded theory to analyze the data. We believe that events prior to the sickness absence can be understood as a process of emotional deprivation, and we described the process in terms of a flight of stairs with eight steps: \"The Burnout Stairs.\" We argue that the emotion conveying the process of emotional deprivation is unacknowledged shame, which has its basis in poor social relations at work. We discuss the study's limitations and the need for further research in this field.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Eriksson","given":"Ulla Britt","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Starrin","given":"Bengt","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Janson","given":"Staffan","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Qualitative Health Research","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"5","issued":{"date-parts":[["2008"]]},"page":"620-632","title":"Long-Term sickness absence due to burnout: Absentees' experiences","type":"article-journal","volume":"18"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=5f26602f-ddab-4da3-9a0c-032fcd263e99"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(Eriksson et al., 2008)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Eriksson et al., 2008)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Eriksson et al., 2008)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}(Eriksson et al., 2008). El modelo Demandas-Recursos laborales propone que el burnout es el resultado de estar expuesto a un desbalance entre las demandas que tiene la persona en su trabajo y los recursos de los cuales dispone para ejecutarlo ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Demerouti, Evangelia., Bakker, Arnold., Nachreiner, Friedhelm., Schaufeli","given":"W.","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Journal of Applied Psychology","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"3","issued":{"date-parts":[["2001"]]},"note":"No consideran la dimensión autoevaluativa del burnout porque_\n1. Se considera agotamiento y desperzonalización como las variables centrales del burnout\n2. Se correlacionan más entre si que con la dimensión de pérdida de la realización/eficacia personal.\n3. Eficacia personal es la dimensión que se correlaciona más debilmente con otras variables.","page":"499-512","title":"The job Demands-Resources model of burnout","type":"article-journal","volume":"86"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=ab5461b0-9e84-498e-9f09-0a2e3b346342"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(Demerouti, Evangelia., Bakker, Arnold., Nachreiner, Friedhelm., Schaufeli, 2001)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Demerouti, Evangelia., Bakker, Arnold., Nachreiner, Friedhelm., Schaufeli, 2001)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Demerouti, Evangelia., Bakker, Arnold., Nachreiner, Friedhelm., Schaufeli, 2001)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}(Demerouti, Evangelia., Bakker, Arnold., Nachreiner, Friedhelm., Schaufeli, 2001). Aunque existe una gran cantidad de literatura acerca de factores sociales asociados al desarrollo del SBO ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1108/13620430910966406","ISBN":"0951354111112","ISSN":"1362-0436","abstract":"Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to focus on the career of the burnout concept itself, rather than reviewing research findings on burnout. Design/methodology/approach – The paper presents an overview of the concept of burnout. Findings – The roots of the burnout concept seem to be embedded within broad social, economic, and cultural developments that took place in the last quarter of the past century and signify the rapid and profound transformation from an industrial society into a service economy. This social transformation goes along with psychological pressures that may translate into burnout. After the turn of the century, burnout is increasingly considered as an erosion of a positive psychological state. Although burnout seems to be a global phenomenon, the meaning of the concept differs between countries. For instance, in some countries burnout is used as a medical diagnosis, whereas in other countries it is a non-medical, socially accepted label that carries a minimum stigma in terms of a psychiatric diagnosis. Originality/value – The paper documents that the exact meaning of the concept of burnout varies with its context and the intentions of those using the term.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Schaufeli","given":"Wilmar","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Leiter","given":"Michael P.","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Maslach","given":"Christina","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Career Development International","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"3","issued":{"date-parts":[["2009"]]},"page":"204-220","title":"Burnout: 35 years of research and practice","type":"article-journal","volume":"14"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=22c91b1c-6807-43e5-a19f-fef754783a9d"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(Schaufeli et al., 2009)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Schaufeli et al., 2009)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Schaufeli et al., 2009)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}(Schaufeli et al., 2009), aún no es claro el rol que juegan las relaciones interpersonales en el trabajo sobre el desarrollo del síndrome ni cómo se desarrolla este síndrome en tiempo. El objetivo del presente proyecto de investigación es comprender de qué manera el patrón de relaciones sociales que una persona sostiene en el trabajo constituye demandas o recursos que inciden sobre el proceso de desarrollo del síndrome en el tiempo. La literatura existente hasta ahora apunta a la relevancia de las relaciones interpersonales en el trabajo como un antecedente del síndrome de burnout ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Day","given":"Arla","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Leiter","given":"Michael P.","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"chapter-number":"The good a","container-title":"Burnout at Work. A Psychological Perspective","editor":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Leiter","given":"Michael P.","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Bakker","given":"Arnold","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Maslach","given":"Christina","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"id":"ITEM-1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2014"]]},"page":"56-79","publisher":"Psychology Press","publisher-place":"New York","title":"The Good and Bad of Working Relationships. Implications for Burnout","type":"chapter"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=70d6a95e-e866-41c0-bbfc-d7787ff6c063"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(Day & Leiter, 2014)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Day & Leiter, 2014)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Day & Leiter, 2014)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}(Day & Leiter, 2014), enfocándose en las relaciones de carácter expresivo en donde las personas manifiestan afecto o interés por el otro ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1287/orsc.14.6.738.24865","ISSN":"10477039","abstract":"We argue that employees' organizational justice perceptions are, in part, influenced by whom they associate with in the workplace. Consequently, we examine the link between different types of social ties and the interpersonal similarity of employees' perceptions of interactional, procedural, and distributive justice through a social network study in a division of a Fortune 500 firm. We predicted and found that social ties influence perceptions of justice to different extents, depending on the type of justice assessed. Expressive ties were associated with greater similarity in coworkers' perceptions than instrumental ties in the most affect-inducing justice perceptions, perceptions of interactional justice. Our findings suggest that the opinions held by an individual's coworkers influence others' justice perceptions, especially when justice is ambiguous and affect inducing, and that different justice perceptions may be transmitted via different types of social ties.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Umphress","given":"Elizabeth Eve","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Labianca","given":"Giuseppe","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Brass","given":"Daniel J.","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Kass","given":"Edward","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Scholten","given":"Lotte","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Organization Science","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"6","issued":{"date-parts":[["2003"]]},"title":"The Role of Instrumental and Expressive Social Ties in Employees' Perceptions of Organizational Justice","type":"article-journal","volume":"14"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=0a4b80bc-aec4-4f8b-ac68-da641086ee36"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(Umphress et al., 2003)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Umphress et al., 2003)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Umphress et al., 2003)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}(Umphress et al., 2003). Existen estudios sobre cómo las relaciones de apoyo social a través de las cuales las personas obtienen información y recursos valiosos ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Lakey","given":"Brian","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Cohen","given":"Sheldon","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"chapter-number":"Social Sup","container-title":"Social Support Measurement and Intervention","editor":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Cohen","given":"Sheldon","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Underwood","given":"Lynn","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Gottlieb","given":"Benjamin","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"id":"ITEM-1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2000"]]},"note":"NULL","page":"29-52","publisher":"Oxford University Press","publisher-place":"New York","title":"Social Support Theory and Measurement","type":"chapter"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=487ea68b-524e-45de-ba68-7e1dc354c188"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(Lakey & Cohen, 2000)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Lakey & Cohen, 2000)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Lakey & Cohen, 2000)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}(Lakey & Cohen, 2000) se relacionan con el burnout ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Halbesleben","given":"Jonathon","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Journal of Applied Psychology","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"5","issued":{"date-parts":[["2006"]]},"page":"1134-1145","title":"Sources of Social Support and Burnout: A Meta-analytics Test of the Conservation of Resources Model","type":"article-journal","volume":"91"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=a92802b8-2d20-4959-b6ae-f097cb635333"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(Halbesleben, 2006)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Halbesleben, 2006)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Halbesleben, 2006)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}(Halbesleben, 2006). También se encuentran estudios sobre cómo las relaciones de incivismo (Anderson & Pearson, 1999) pueden incidir sobre el SBO ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"abstract":"Este trabajo investiga la relación existente entre los encuentros interpersonales en el trabajo y las experiencias de burnout y engagement en una muestra longitudinal de personal de enfermería canadiense (N = 472). Basado en el modelo de demandas y recursos laborales (JD-R), los autores plantearon la hipótesis de que las demandas del lugar de trabajo (es decir, el incivismo) están relacionadas con las principales escalas de burnout y cinismo, mientras que los recursos (es decir, el civismo) están relacionados con la eficacia profesional y el engagement. Además se hipotetizó que el incivismo instigado está asociado positivamente con el incivismo percibido. A través de un análisis de ecuaciones estructurales se pudo descubrir que los datos se ajustan mejor a un modelo JD-R al que se le hicieron algunas modificaciones y que respalda la idea de que las demandas están estrechamente relacionadas con el agotamiento y el cinismo, mientras que los recursos están vinculados con la eficacia y el engagement. Contrariamente a lo esperado, el incivismo instigado está relacionado con la falta de civismo entre colegas, en vez de vincularse con el incivismo en el lugar de trabajo. Por último, se discuten las implicaciones de estos hallazgos para las posibles intervenciones.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Leiter","given":"Michael P","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Nicholson","given":"Ryan","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Patterson","given":"Ashlyn","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Spence Lasching","given":"Heather K","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Cienc. Trab","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"41","issued":{"date-parts":[["2011"]]},"page":"143-151","title":"Las relaciones interpersonales en el lugar de trabajo como demandas y recursos laborales: un modelo de burnout y engagement TT - Workplace relantionships as demands and resources: a model of burnout and work engagement","type":"article-journal","volume":"13"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=4bc433ea-b43b-477e-aed7-c698057e2d05"]},{"id":"ITEM-2","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1002/job.1976","ISBN":"0143-7739","ISSN":"12045357","PMID":"21451395","abstract":"Unhappy IT workers will eventually leave their company. Some employees seek new positions with different firms. Others will choose to leave the IT field altogether. These mutually exclusive options have different outcomes for IT workers, organizations, and the computing professions. This research investigates the causes and consequences of each. A content analysis is first performed in order to identify possible determinants. Next, a canonical correlation analysis is conducted to determine which constructs load with job change intention and which associate with career change intentions among IT workers in the United States. The analysis was conducted using data from a survey of IT professionals. The results indicate that quantitative demands, cognitive demands, work pace, stress, work family conflict, and predictability lead to job change intention, while meaning of work, job satisfaction, recognition, role conflicts, role clarity, job insecurity, burnout, and perceived supervisor support lead IT workers to consider changing careers. Implications for theory and practice are provided.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Schilpzand","given":"Pauline","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Pater","given":"Irene","non-dropping-particle":"De","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Erez","given":"Amir","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Journal of Organizational Behavior","id":"ITEM-2","issue":"S","issued":{"date-parts":[["2016"]]},"note":"Se distingue entre en incivismo experimentado, el instigado y el visto en otros.","page":"57-88","title":"Workplace incivility: A review of the literature and agenda for future research","type":"article-journal","volume":"37"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=c789c0d8-6abd-4f7d-b59a-196607c26843"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(Leiter et al., 2011; Schilpzand et al., 2016)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Leiter et al., 2011; Schilpzand et al., 2016)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Leiter et al., 2011; Schilpzand et al., 2016)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}(Leiter et al., 2011; Schilpzand et al., 2016). No obstante, la literatura hasta el presente ha obviado las relaciones de interdependencia de tareas, las cuales se crean por la manera en la cual se disponen las actividades que debe realizar cada empleado y cómo estas se deben conectar con las actividades que realizan sus compañeros ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"DOI":"10.2307/257385","ISBN":"03637425","ISSN":"03637425","PMID":"722","abstract":"In this article I develop the concept of task interdependence and integrate it in the Hackman and Oldham [1976] theory of job design. I differentiate between initiated and received task interdependence according to the direction of workflow in relation to the job incumbent. Each of these dimensions includes the elements of scope, resources, and criticality. Experienced responsibility for one's own work outcomes is differentiated from experienced responsibility for dependents' work outcomes. Testable hypotheses derived from the elaborated theory are set forth. CR - Copyright © 1981 Academy of Management","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Kiggundu","given":"Moses N.","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"The Academy of Management Review","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"3","issued":{"date-parts":[["1981"]]},"page":"499","title":"Task Interdependence and the Theory of Job Design","type":"article-journal","volume":"6"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=a7cfa941-1387-4f78-9a04-4b4bb7e4ba67"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(Kiggundu, 1981)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Kiggundu, 1981)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Kiggundu, 1981)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}(Kiggundu, 1981). Este tipo de relación configura una de las características del trabajo en las organizaciones y se ha relacionado con la satisfacción y el desempeño de los empleados ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Brass","given":"Daniel J.","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Administrative Science Quarterly","id":"ITEM-1","issued":{"date-parts":[["1981"]]},"page":"331-348","title":"Structural Relationships, Job Characteristics, and Worker Satisfaction and Performance","type":"article-journal","volume":"26"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=6ecac0d0-55c4-496e-8c50-6812ed1ba062"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(Brass, 1981)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Brass, 1981)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Brass, 1981)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}(Brass, 1981) así como con su motivación ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1037/0021-9010.92.5.1332","ISSN":"00219010","abstract":"The authors developed and meta-analytically examined hypotheses designed to test and extend work design theory by integrating motivational, social, and work context characteristics. Results from a summary of 259 studies and 219,625 participants showed that 14 work characteristics explained, on average, 43% of the variance in the 19 worker attitudes and behaviors examined. For example, motivational characteristics explained 25% of the variance in subjective performance, 2% in turnover perceptions, 34% in job satisfaction, 24% in organizational commitment, and 26% in role perception outcomes. Beyond motivational characteristics, social characteristics explained incremental variances of 9% of the variance in subjective performance, 24% in turnover intentions, 17% in job satisfaction, 40% in organizational commitment, and 18% in role perception outcomes. Finally, beyond both motivational and social characteristics, work context characteristics explained incremental variances of 4% in job satisfaction and 16% in stress. The results of this study suggest numerous opportunities for the continued development of work design theory and practice.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Humphrey","given":"Stephen E.","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Nahrgang","given":"Jennifer D.","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Morgeson","given":"Frederick P.","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Journal of Applied Psychology","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"5","issued":{"date-parts":[["2007"]]},"page":"1332-1356","title":"Integrating Motivational, Social, and Contextual Work Design Features: A Meta-Analytic Summary and Theoretical Extension of the Work Design Literature","type":"article-journal","volume":"92"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=10fd7e33-6d76-4d2a-ac12-4900b212556d"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(Humphrey et al., 2007)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Humphrey et al., 2007)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Humphrey et al., 2007)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}(Humphrey et al., 2007). En este proyecto proponemos que las relaciones de interdependencia de tareas, constituyen demandas y recursos para los empleados, de manera que pueden empeorar o mejorar el desarrollo del síndrome. Yendo un paso más adelante, proponemos que es la posición que las personas ocupan dentro de las redes sociales que se configuran en una organización lo que definirá las demandas y recursos con los que la persona cuente. Al considerar las nociones de posición y de red social rescatamos el concepto de incrustación, o embeddedness en inglés, desde el cual se propone que las personas hacemos parte de un entramado de relaciones sociales en el cual construimos, sostenemos y finalizamos vínculos con otras personas (Kilduff & Brass, 2010) y la posición que ocupemos en dicho entramado de relaciones definirá las oportunidades y limitaciones que tengamos en los diferentes ámbitos vitales (Borgatti & Everett, 1992). Para responder al objetivo de investigación de este proyecto planteamos ampliar un estudio que ya se encuentra en curso ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Umaña Ruiz","given":"María Camila","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"id":"ITEM-1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2020"]]},"publisher":"Universidad de los Andes","title":"The Social Dimension of Burnout: Social Networks in Organizations and the development of Job Burnout","type":"thesis"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=2933492c-f27d-455a-9cd2-4e8f77428a5b"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(Umaña Ruiz, 2020)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Umaña Ruiz, 2020)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Umaña Ruiz, 2020)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}(Umaña Ruiz, 2020) y el cual se desarrolla desde la perspectiva de Análisis de Redes Sociales (SNA por su sigla en inglés). Desde esta perspectiva se estudia la configuración y los patrones de relación social dentro de una unidad social determinada y cómo la posición que ocupa cada individuo dentro de la red social se relaciona con sus resultados y características ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143828","ISBN":"1545-2085 (Electronic) 0066-4308 (Linking)","ISSN":"1545-2085","PMID":"23282056","abstract":"We provide an overview of social network analysis focusing on network advantage as a lens that touches on much of the area. For reasons of good data and abundant research, we draw heavily on studies of people in organizations. Advantage is traced to network structure as a proxy for the distribution of variably sticky information in a population. The network around a person indicates the person's access and control in the distribution. Advantage is a function of information breadth, timing, and arbitrage. Advantage is manifest in higher odds of proposing good ideas, more positive evaluations and recognition, higher compensation, and faster promotions. We discuss frontiers of advantage contingent on personality, cognition, embeddedness, and dynamics.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Burt","given":"Ronald","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Kilduff","given":"Martin","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Tasselli","given":"Stefano","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Annual Review of Psychology","id":"ITEM-1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2013"]]},"note":"Network models of advantage: structure as an indicator of how information is distributed in a system of people.\n\nClosure: to specialize in a cluster\nBrokerage: build bridges between clusters","page":"527-47","title":"Social Network Analysis: Foundations and Frontiers on advantage","type":"article-journal","volume":"64"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=d7e1de7f-05dc-42ae-9bb4-f43f33c46952"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(Burt et al., 2013)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Burt et al., 2013)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Burt et al., 2013)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}(Burt et al., 2013). De manera concreta, en este estudio proponemos que la posición que los empleados ocupen en redes de interdependencia de tareas, apoyo social e incivismo, determinará el acceso a demandas y recursos que el empleado tenga y por lo tanto se relacionará con el SBO. Resultados del proyecto de investigación inicial muestran que las personas que ocupan posiciones en la red de interdependencia de tareas en donde conectan personas que no se conectan de otra manera tienen mayor riesgo de padecer algunos síntomas de burnout. Así mismo, se encontró que las personas que perciben apoyo social de compañeros y superiores tienen menor riesgo de padecerlo. Sin embargo, esta relación no dependía de la cantidad de personas que brindaran dicho apoyo, sino de cómo los empleados percibieran dicho soporte. En tercer lugar, resultados preliminares de ese proyecto indican que experimentar las dimensiones del burnout parecen incidir sobre la percepción de incivismo en el trabajo ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Umaña Ruiz","given":"María Camila","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"id":"ITEM-1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2020"]]},"publisher":"Universidad de los Andes","title":"The Social Dimension of Burnout: Social Networks in Organizations and the development of Job Burnout","type":"thesis"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=2933492c-f27d-455a-9cd2-4e8f77428a5b"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(Umaña Ruiz, 2020)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Umaña Ruiz, 2020)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Umaña Ruiz, 2020)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}(Umaña Ruiz, 2020). La ampliación del estudio inicial permitirá ampliar el conocimiento y comprensión sobre estos resultados preliminares.