Gestión de sedimentos retenidos en sistemas urbanos de agua lluvia de acuerdo con la estimación del riesgo, acumulación y posibles usos

La rápida urbanización, la industrialización, el aumento de las superficies impermeables y el cambio climático han generado precipitaciones extremas y aumento en la acumulación de sedimentos, incrementando el lavado y transporte de estos por escorrentía a los sistemas urbanos de agua lluvia ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"JjP5jLfV","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Faiz et\\uc0\\u160{}al., 2009; Zhang et\\uc0\\u160{}al., 2017)","plainCitation":"(Faiz et al., 2009; Zhang et al., 2017)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":513,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/2907294/items/HR3IPZHF"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/2907294/items/HR3IPZHF"],"itemData":{"id":513,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"Islamabad Expressway is one of the busiest roads in the capital of Pakistan. For the assessment of heavy metal pollution level in dust generated on the Expressway, 13 samples of dust were collected from various places around the highway and four samples of soil were obtained from the undisturbed green land in Islamabad. The samples were analyzed for five heavy metals using FAAS (flame atomic absorption spectrometry). The average concentration values of the metals Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were found to be 5±1, 52±18, 23±6, 104±29 and 116±35 mg kg-1 respectively, which were generally lower than the values cited in literature. The inter-elemental correlation of Cu and Pb indicated that they belonged to common anthropogenic sources. The pollution level was estimated based on the geoaccumulation index (Igeo), the pollution index (PI), and the integrated pollution index (IPI). The values of IPI were in the following order: Cu>Pb>Zn>Cd>Ni. All the indices for the metals under consideration were either low or corresponded to middle level of pollution. The pollution level is expected to increase due to rapid urbanization of the area. Some protective measures have therefore been proposed.","container-title":"Microchemical Journal","DOI":"10.1016/j.microc.2009.03.009","ISSN":"0026-265X","issue":"2","journalAbbreviation":"Microchemical Journal","language":"en","page":"186-192","source":"ScienceDirect","title":"Road dust pollution of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn along Islamabad Expressway, Pakistan","volume":"92","author":[{"family":"Faiz","given":"Yasir"},{"family":"Tufail","given":"M."},{"family":"Javed","given":"M. Tayyeb"},{"family":"Chaudhry","given":"M. M."},{"literal":"Naila-Siddique"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2009",7,1]]}}},{"id":41,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/2907294/items/D4P4J7CH"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/2907294/items/D4P4J7CH"],"itemData":{"id":41,"type":"article-journal","container-title":"Environmental Pollution","page":"158–168","source":"Google Scholar","title":"Influences of land use and antecedent dry-weather period on pollution level and ecological risk of heavy metals in road-deposited sediment","volume":"228","author":[{"family":"Zhang","given":"Jin"},{"family":"Hua","given":"Pei"},{"family":"Krebs","given":"Peter"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Faiz et al., 2009; Zhang et al., 2017). Comúnmente, las estrategias de gestión planteadas para el mantenimiento de los sistemas de agua lluvia urbanos incluyen el dragado de sedimentos con la intención de aumentar la capacidad hidráulica de las estructuras y remover contaminantes. Usualmente los sedimentos dragados son dispuestos en rellenos sanitarios o confinados para disposición acuática; así las cosas, se han adelantado algunos estudios para la reutilización de sedimentos en actividades como la restauración de suelos, material de construcción o jardinería ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"V6WihaBi","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Akcil et\\uc0\\u160{}al., 2015; Wang et\\uc0\\u160{}al., 2015)","plainCitation":"(Akcil et al., 2015; Wang et al., 2015)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":117,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/2907294/items/ANWED266"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/2907294/items/ANWED266"],"itemData":{"id":117,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"The contamination of aquatic sediments with metals is a widespread environmental problem. Coastal aquatic ecosystems with low hydrodynamics need to be periodically dredged in order to maintain the navigation depth and facilitate sailing; consequently large volumes of contaminated sediments need to be managed. Conventional remediation strategies include in-place sediment remediation strategies (e.g. in situ-capping) and relocation actions; in particular, landfill disposal and dumping at sea are still widely applied. Both this options are becoming unsustainable, due to problems associated with contaminant transport pathways, the uncertainties about long-term stability under various environmental conditions, the limited space capacity, costs and environmental compatibility. Alternative approaches have received increased attention; treatment and reuse of contaminated sediments is politically encouraged, but its application is still very limited. Because of the potential human health and environmental impacts of contaminated sediment, different chemical treatments are conventionally applied for contaminated sediments before reuse in other environmental settings. Environmentally friendly techniques developed for soils and other environmental matrices have been investigated for applications with sediments. Biotechnological approaches are gaining increasing prominence in this field and they are often considered as a promising strategy for the eventual treatment of contaminated sediments. In this paper an overview of the main treatment strategies potentially available for sediment contaminated with metals is given, together with a brief overview of the issue associated with the problem of the sediment management.","container-title":"Journal of Cleaner Production","DOI":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.08.009","ISSN":"0959-6526","issue":"Supplement C","journalAbbreviation":"Journal of Cleaner Production","page":"24-36","source":"ScienceDirect","title":"A review of approaches and techniques used in aquatic contaminated sediments: metal removal and stabilization by chemical and biotechnological processes","title-short":"A review of approaches and techniques used in aquatic contaminated sediments","volume":"86","author":[{"family":"Akcil","given":"Ata"},{"family":"Erust","given":"Ceren"},{"family":"Ozdemiroglu","given":"Sevda"},{"family":"Fonti","given":"Viviana"},{"family":"Beolchini","given":"Francesca"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2015",1,1]]}}},{"id":116,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/2907294/items/KBV76GTV"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/2907294/items/KBV76GTV"],"itemData":{"id":116,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"Conventional marine disposal of contaminated sediment presents significant financial and environmental burden. This study aimed to recycle the contaminated sediment by assessing the roles and integration of binder formulation, sediment pretreatment, curing method, and waste inclusion in stabilization/solidification. The results demonstrated that the 28-d compressive strength of sediment blocks produced with coal fly ash and lime partially replacing cement at a binder-to-sediment ratio of 3:7 could be used as fill materials for construction. The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that hydration products (calcium hydroxide) were difficult to form at high sediment content. Thermal pretreatment of sediment removed 90% of indigenous organic matter, significantly increased the compressive strength, and enabled reuse as non-load-bearing masonry units. Besides, 2-h CO2 curing accelerated early-stage carbonation inside the porous structure, sequestered 5.6% of CO2 (by weight) in the sediment blocks, and acquired strength comparable to 7-d curing. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated substantial weight loss corresponding to decomposition of poorly and well crystalline calcium carbonate. Moreover, partial replacement of contaminated sediment by various granular waste materials notably augmented the strength of sediment blocks. The metal leachability of sediment blocks was minimal and acceptable for reuse. These results suggest that contaminated sediment should be viewed as useful resources.","container-title":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","DOI":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.09.056","ISSN":"0304-3894","issue":"Supplement C","journalAbbreviation":"Journal of Hazardous Materials","page":"623-632","source":"ScienceDirect","title":"Mixture design and treatment methods for recycling contaminated sediment","volume":"283","author":[{"family":"Wang","given":"Lei"},{"family":"Kwok","given":"June S. H."},{"family":"Tsang","given":"Daniel C. W."},{"family":"Poon","given":"Chi-Sun"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2015",2,11]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Akcil et al., 2015; Wang et al., 2015). Actualmente en Colombia no existe una guía para el manejo de los sedimentos provenientes de sistemas de drenaje de agua lluvia. En Bogotá, los sedimentos son recolectados de los diferentes cuerpos de agua, en forma mecánica o manual y son transportados a diferentes escombreras ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"v08krw3y","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Alcald\\uc0\\u237{}a Mayor de Bogot\\uc0\\u225{}, 2018)","plainCitation":"(Alcaldía Mayor de Bogotá, 2018)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":92,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/2907294/items/5839828T"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/2907294/items/5839828T"],"itemData":{"id":92,"type":"webpage","abstract":"La alcaldía de Peñalosa implementó en el sector de Gilbraltar en Kennedy, un nueva y moderna planta de tratamiento para procesar residuos.","container-title":"Bogota.gov.co","language":"es","title":"Distrito inaugura moderna planta de lodos para procesar residuos extraídos de alcantarillas","URL":"http://www.bogota.gov.co/temas-de-ciudad/gestion-publica/el-distrito-implemento-una-planta-de-tratamiento-de-lodos-en-kennedy","author":[{"family":"Alcaldía Mayor de Bogotá","given":""}],"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019",2,18]]},"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018",1,3]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Alcaldía Mayor de Bogotá, 2018). Sin embargo, en la práctica de recolección no se tiene una diferenciación entre los sedimentos provenientes de los sistemas de agua lluvia y los lodos provenientes del alcantarillado residual, por lo que todo el material recolectado se considera como un residuo. Actualmente existe un problema social con las comunidades que habitan cerca a los predios destinados para la disposición de los sedimentos y los lodos recolectados del sistema de alcantarillado son depositados a cielo abierto, generando malos olores y presencia de vectores. El interés por conocer la calidad y cantidad de sedimentos acumulados en sistemas hídricos urbanos ha incrementado recientemente debido a que estos adsorben diferentes tipos de contaminantes los cuales generan un impacto negativo en la calidad del agua. Alrededor del mundo se han realizado análisis a los sedimentos extraídos de diferentes fuentes hídricas para determinar la cantidad de metales, materia orgánica, hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos (HAP), ente otros; con el fin de establecer el grado de contaminación y en algunos casos su posible tratamiento o reutilización ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"z1K6t60e","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Brown & Peake, 2006; Ignatavicius et\\uc0\\u160{}al., 2017; Karlsson et\\uc0\\u160{}al., 2010; P\\uc0\\u233{}tavy et\\uc0\\u160{}al., 2009)","plainCitation":"(Brown & Peake, 2006; Ignatavicius et al., 2017; Karlsson et al., 2010; Pétavy et al., 2009)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":79,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/2907294/items/APBPSZLM"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/2907294/items/APBPSZLM"],"itemData":{"id":79,"type":"article-journal","container-title":"Science of the total environment","issue":"1-3","page":"145–155","source":"Google Scholar","title":"Sources of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban stormwater runoff","volume":"359","author":[{"family":"Brown","given":"Jeffrey N."},{"family":"Peake","given":"Barrie M."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2006"]]}}},{"id":93,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/2907294/items/BPIJDNNU"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/2907294/items/BPIJDNNU"],"itemData":{"id":93,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"Surface runoff from urbanized territories carries a wide range of pollutants. Sediments in untreated runoff from direct discharge stormwater systems significantly contribute to urban waterway pollution. In this study, heavy metal (Pb, Zn, Cu, Cr, Ba, As and Fe) contamination in surface runoff sediments of the urban area of the city of Vilnius was investigated. The surface runoff sediment samples were collected from seven dischargers with the highest volume rate of water flow and concentrations of suspended solids. The geospatial analysis of the distribution of heavy metals shows that there are several active pollution sources supplying the dischargers with contaminated sediments. Most of these areas are located in the central part of the city and in old town with intense traffic. Principal components analysis and t-test results clearly depicted the significantly different chemical compositions of winter and autumn surface sediment samples. The sampling approach and assessment of results provide a useful tool to examine the contamination that is generated in urban areas, distinguish pollution sources and give a better understanding of the importance of permeable surfaces and green areas. (English)","container-title":"Raskmetallid Vilniuse linnakeskkonna pindmise äravoolu setendites.","DOI":"10.3176/earth.2017.04","ISSN":"17364728","issue":"1","journalAbbreviation":"Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences","page":"13-20","source":"EBSCOhost","title":"Heavy metal contamination in surface runoff sediments of the urban area of Vilnius, Lithuania","volume":"66","author":[{"family":"Ignatavicius","given":"Gytautas"},{"family":"Valskys","given":"Vaidotas"},{"family":"Bulskaya","given":"Ina"},{"family":"Paliulis","given":"Dainius"},{"family":"Zigmontienė","given":"Aušra"},{"family":"Satkunas","given":"Jonas"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017",3]]}}},{"id":127,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/2907294/items/R2ZZATKB"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/2907294/items/R2ZZATKB"],"itemData":{"id":127,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"Temporal trends in stormwater pond sediment quality were evaluated by conducting field sediment surveys in 1998 and 2006. A sediment removal process in 2006 was also assessed. Results show that, for both years, the sediment closest to the inlet had the lowest concentrations of metals. The results from 1998 showed no significant differences in sediment heavy metal concentrations depth while the results from 2006 showed a decreasing trend with depth. A significant difference between the two years could be seen for Cr, Cu, and Pb. The water phase in the pond showed a difference before and after the removal of sediment. The water samples after emptying showed higher concentrations of metals as a result of disturbing and re-suspending the bottom sediment. No significant difference could be found in the samples taken from the bottom sediment before the removal of the sediment and from the sediment pile formed during the removal process. The total heavy metal concentration in water exceeded the threshold limits for the selected quality guidelines and, according to soil quality guidelines, the sediment would be classified moderately serious to serious.","container-title":"Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal","DOI":"10.1080/15320380903548490","ISSN":"1532-0383","issue":"2","page":"217-230","source":"Taylor and Francis+NEJM","title":"Stormwater Pond Sediments: Temporal Trends in Heavy Metal Concentrations and Sediment Removal","title-short":"Stormwater Pond Sediments","volume":"19","author":[{"family":"Karlsson","given":"Kristin"},{"family":"German","given":"Jonas"},{"family":"Viklander","given":"Maria"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2010",2,26]]}}},{"id":515,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/2907294/items/MSUUIVYC"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/2907294/items/MSUUIVYC"],"itemData":{"id":515,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"The purpose of this research is to present the efficiency of an attrition scrubber in the decontamination of stormwater sediments. Application of the attrition process serves to remove fine particles and contaminants from the surface of materials, i.e. sediment in the present case. This mechanical method has been evaluated both on the laboratory scale and at a pilot plant; the two treatments display different operating parameters. This article will introduce a ratio, defined as (R=mass% of pollutant/total mass%), to quantify the effect of attrition on the removal of pollutants (organic matter and trace elements). Screening and attrition have made it possible to concentrate pollutants into the fine fractions at ratio R, extending from 1.9 to 6.6. These results show that an attrition scrubber can remediate contaminated sediment and moreover that the remediation of stormwater sediment is indeed possible.","container-title":"Chemical Engineering Journal","DOI":"10.1016/j.cej.2008.04.039","ISSN":"1385-8947","issue":"3","journalAbbreviation":"Chemical Engineering Journal","language":"en","page":"475-482","source":"ScienceDirect","title":"Treatment of stormwater sediments: Efficiency of an attrition scrubber – laboratory and pilot-scale studies","title-short":"Treatment of stormwater sediments","volume":"145","author":[{"family":"Pétavy","given":"F."},{"family":"Ruban","given":"V."},{"family":"Conil","given":"P."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2009",1,1]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Brown & Peake, 2006; Ignatavicius et al., 2017; Karlsson et al., 2010; Pétavy et al., 2009). Los contaminantes se originan de suelos naturales circundantes y actividades antropogénicas como las emisiones de vehículos motorizados, corrosión del pavimento, limpieza atmosférica por precipitación erosión de edificios u otras estructuras ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"s850DmKL","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Jang et\\uc0\\u160{}al., 2010)","plainCitation":"(Jang et al., 2010)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":100,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/2907294/items/LC56F458"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/2907294/items/LC56F458"],"itemData":{"id":100,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"The chemical characterization of sediments accumulated in catch basins and stormwater ponds provides important information for assessing risks associated with management of these residuals upon removal of accumulated deposits in stormwater systems. In this study, over a period of 15 months, more than 150 residual samples were collected from 77 catch basin units and 22 stormwater ponds from 16 municipalities throughout the state of Florida. Concentrations (mg/kg) of metals and metalloids (arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, selenium, silver, and zinc) and trace organics (volatile organics, semi-volatile organics, herbicides, and pesticides) in the sediments were measured. In addition, the synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP) was utilized to evaluate pollutant leachability risk for a subset of the samples collected. Measured pollutant concentrations were compared to corresponding risk-based guidelines in Florida (i.e., Florida soil cleanup target levels) to assess potential human health risks of beneficial use of these residuals through land application. Leached concentrations were compared to risk-based water quality guidelines (i.e., Florida groundwater cleanup target levels) to examine the potential for groundwater contamination. Although several metals (arsenic, barium, chromium, copper, nickel, lead, and zinc) were routinely detected in the catch basin and stormwater pond sediments, their concentrations were generally lower than the Florida's risk-based cleanup target levels for soils. A small number of organochlorine compounds (e.g., 4,4'-DDE, 4,4'-DDT) were detected, but only in a limited number of the samples (less than 10%); leaching of trace organic pollutants above the Florida risk-based groundwater thresholds was rare. The results suggest that when land-applied or beneficially used, these residuals are not expected to pose a significant threat to human health or the environment and the results of this research will provide stormwater managers and environmental management authorities with a useful resource to examine proper disposal and beneficial use of catch basin and stormwater pond sediments.","container-title":"The Science of the Total Environment","DOI":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.01.036","ISSN":"1879-1026","issue":"8","journalAbbreviation":"Sci. Total Environ.","language":"eng","note":"PMID: 20163826","page":"1878-1887","source":"PubMed","title":"Characterization of roadway stormwater system residuals for reuse and disposal options","volume":"408","author":[{"family":"Jang","given":"Yong-Chul"},{"family":"Jain","given":"Pradeep"},{"family":"Tolaymat","given":"Thabet"},{"family":"Dubey","given":"Brajesh"},{"family":"Singh","given":"Shrawan"},{"family":"Townsend","given":"Timothy"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2010",3,15]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Jang et al., 2010). Dentro de los contaminantes adheridos en los sedimentos se encuentran metales pesados como el Cadmio (Cd), Cobre (Cu), Plomo (Pb), Níquel (Ni) y Zinc (Zn), los cuales se consideran relevantes debido a que no son biodegradables y generan riesgo para el medio ambiente y para la salud humana por su persistencia, biodisponibilidad y toxicidad ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"HRewcPd6","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Joshi et\\uc0\\u160{}al., 2009; Zhang et\\uc0\\u160{}al., 2017)","plainCitation":"(Joshi et al., 2009; Zhang et al., 2017)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":15,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/2907294/items/ZLAAV73Z"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/2907294/items/ZLAAV73Z"],"itemData":{"id":15,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"Street dust serves as an important archive for environmental contamination in industrialized countries. Heavy metals which are found in street dust such as Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn cause pollution in different environmental media. This study was carried out to characterize the composition of different elements embedded in street dusts and to investigate their leaching behavior in the presence of different aqueous media. Samples of street dusts were collected on a weekly basis for 6 months from three different locations in Singapore, viz. residential, commercial and industrial areas, and processed in the laboratory to determine the concentration of 13 elements (Al, As, Co, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Ti, V, and Zn). Concentrations showed considerable variations between sites, and within the same site over a period of time. Dust samples collected from the industrial area were of serious concern as they comprise elevated concentrations of most of the potentially toxic metals such as Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn. The surface morphology and presence of different elements in street dust samples were confirmed using SEM/EDX analysis. The enrichment factor, used to describe the chemical characteristics of street dusts, revealed that most of the elements have anthropogenic origin. Of the different media used in dissolution of elements from street dusts, the river water and acidified deionized (DI) water (0.01M HNO3) were found to promote significant leaching of most of the elements. With the aid of dissolution kinetic data, the rate constants of dissolution of various elements were determined.","container-title":"Chemosphere","DOI":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.07.043","ISSN":"0045-6535","issue":"4","journalAbbreviation":"Chemosphere","language":"en","page":"526-533","source":"ScienceDirect","title":"Elemental composition of urban street dusts and their dissolution characteristics in various aqueous media","volume":"77","author":[{"family":"Joshi","given":"Umid Man"},{"family":"Vijayaraghavan","given":"Kuppusamy"},{"family":"Balasubramanian","given":"Rajasekhar"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2009",10,1]]}}},{"id":41,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/2907294/items/D4P4J7CH"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/2907294/items/D4P4J7CH"],"itemData":{"id":41,"type":"article-journal","container-title":"Environmental Pollution","page":"158–168","source":"Google Scholar","title":"Influences of land use and antecedent dry-weather period on pollution level and ecological risk of heavy metals in road-deposited sediment","volume":"228","author":[{"family":"Zhang","given":"Jin"},{"family":"Hua","given":"Pei"},{"family":"Krebs","given":"Peter"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Joshi et al., 2009; Zhang et al., 2017). Por lo anterior es importante investigar la contaminación de sedimentos por metales pesados para mejorar la gestión de los sistemas de agua lluvia urbanos. Diferentes métodos han sido utilizados para cuantificar la contaminación por metales pesados en suelos, sedimentos de lecho y sedimentos viales, los cuales son evaluados mediante el uso de índices que tienen diferentes clasificaciones correspondientes a niveles de contaminación específicos ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"TFQPUiTV","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Loganathan et\\uc0\\u160{}al., 2013)","plainCitation":"(Loganathan et al., 2013)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":19,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/2907294/items/MDBMAUQF"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/2907294/items/MDBMAUQF"],"itemData":{"id":19,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"Road-deposited sediments (RDS) often contain elevated concentrations of inorganic and organic pollutants such as heavy metals, metalloids, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The authors trace new developments and trends on RDS pollutant characteristics with respect to their distribution in time and space, total and labile fractions in the different particle size and density fractions, source apportionment, and chemical speciation, as well as on the management of the pollutants. Recent research provides more reliable information to understand pollutants’ origin, bioavailability, transport pathways, and methods to minimize their risks. Use of special chemical, physical, mineralogical, and statistical methods has contributed to a better understanding of source apportionment of many of the pollutants but more research is needed on others. The degree of accumulation of pollutants in RDS that are derived from roads and vehicles has been quantified by using enrichment factors. Many of the studies on RDS pollutant management dealt with reducing pollutants by road sweeping and water flushing but these have not been found to be very effective. Pollutants that enter the water bodies through stormwater runoff need to be removed to protect the aquatic environment in the receiving water. The current knowledge on stormwater treatment methods to remove pollutants is also presented.","container-title":"Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology","DOI":"10.1080/10643389.2011.644222","ISSN":"1064-3389","issue":"13","page":"1315-1348","source":"Taylor and Francis+NEJM","title":"Road-Deposited Sediment Pollutants: A Critical Review of their Characteristics, Source Apportionment, and Management","title-short":"Road-Deposited Sediment Pollutants","volume":"43","author":[{"family":"Loganathan","given":"Paripurnanda"},{"family":"Vigneswaran","given":"Saravanamuthu"},{"family":"Kandasamy","given":"Jaya"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2013",1,1]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Loganathan et al., 2013). El factor de enriquecimiento y el índice de geo-acumulación son indicadores empleados para determinar la presencia e intensidad de deposición de contaminantes de origen antropogénico ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"DqoB3y0a","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Barbieri, 2016)","plainCitation":"(Barbieri, 2016)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":11,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/2907294/items/RM3W46X8"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/2907294/items/RM3W46X8"],"itemData":{"id":11,"type":"article-journal","container-title":"Journal of Geology & Geophysics","DOI":"10.4172/2381-8719.1000237","issue":"1","language":"en","page":"1-4","title":"The Importance of Enrichment Factor (EF) and Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo) to Evaluate the Soil Contamination","volume":"5","author":[{"family":"Barbieri","given":"Maurizio"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2016"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Barbieri, 2016). El índice de riesgo ecológico expresa la sensibilidad de la comunidad biológica a sustancias tóxicas e ilustra el potencial riesgo ecológico causado por la totalidad de los metales pesados ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"1EqBxCKw","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Zhao & Li, 2013)","plainCitation":"(Zhao & Li, 2013)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":10,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/2907294/items/YQMACUR9"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/2907294/items/YQMACUR9"],"itemData":{"id":10,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"We applied the traditional risk assessment methods originally designed for soils and river sediments to evaluation of risk associated with metals in road-deposited sediment (RDS) along an urban–rural gradient that included central urban (UCA), urban village (UVA), central suburban county (CSA), rural town (RTA), and rural village (RVA) areas in the Beijing metropolitan region. A new indicator RIRDS was developed which integrated the RDS characteristics of mobility, grain size and amount with the potential ecological risk index. The risk associated with metals in RDS in urban areas was generally higher than that in rural areas based on the assessment using traditional methods, but the risk was higher in urban and rural village areas than the areas with higher administration units based on the indicator RIRDS. These findings implied that RDS characteristics variation with the urban–rural gradient must be considered in metal risk assessment and RDS washoff pollution control.","container-title":"Environmental Pollution","DOI":"10.1016/j.envpol.2012.12.009","ISSN":"0269-7491","journalAbbreviation":"Environmental Pollution","language":"en","page":"297-304","source":"ScienceDirect","title":"Risk assessment of metals in road-deposited sediment along an urban–rural gradient","volume":"174","author":[{"family":"Zhao","given":"Hongtao"},{"family":"Li","given":"Xuyong"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2013",3,1]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Zhao & Li, 2013). El índice de polución de cada metal es la relación entre su concentración y la concentración de fondo ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"Kxk3oB7w","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Benhaddya & Hadjel, 2014)","plainCitation":"(Benhaddya & Hadjel, 2014)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":6,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/2907294/items/HXQWZ7UH"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/2907294/items/HXQWZ7UH"],"itemData":{"id":6,"type":"article-journal","container-title":"ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES","DOI":"10.1007/s12665-013-2552-3","ISSN":"18666280","issue":"3","journalAbbreviation":"ENVIRONMENTAL EARTH SCIENCES","page":"1473-1486","source":"EBSCOHost","title":"Spatial distribution and contamination assessment of heavy metals in surface soils of Hassi Messaoud, Algeria","volume":"71","author":[{"family":"Benhaddya","given":"Mohammed L."},{"family":"Hadjel","given":"Mohammed"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2014",2]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Benhaddya & Hadjel, 2014). La gestión de los sedimentos involucra costos, referentes al retiro, transporte, análisis, tratamiento y disposición final, razón por la cual es necesario conocer su comportamiento en sistemas de agua lluvia, y encontrar alternativas económicas para su adecuado manejo. Sin embargo, para determinar si existen dichas alternativas, se requiere de análisis de laboratorio que, en su mayoría son costosos, requieren de equipos de laboratorio especializados y no se pueden realizar in situ, generando dificultades y demoras para definir el manejo correcto que se debe dar a los sedimentos recolectados. Basado en lo anterior, se ha propuesto incluir las variables hidrológicas de la zona dentro del análisis de calidad de los sedimentos, con el fin de determinar, si es posible, condiciones hidrológicas que se relacionen directamente con los riesgos de los sedimentos y de esta manera proponer una mejor y menos costosa alternativa para su manejo ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"jqapShLm","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Pimiento et\\uc0\\u160{}al., 2018)","plainCitation":"(Pimiento et al., 2018)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":89,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/2907294/items/LRPV8C7T"],"uri":["http://zotero.org/users/2907294/items/LRPV8C7T"],"itemData":{"id":89,"type":"article-journal","container-title":"Ingeniería y competitividad","issue":"2","page":"27–36","source":"Google Scholar","title":"Relationship between hydrological, physical and chemical characteristics present in rainwater runoff sediments","volume":"20","author":[{"family":"Pimiento","given":"María A."},{"family":"Rivera","given":"David S."},{"family":"Lara-Borrero","given":"Jaime A."},{"family":"Torres","given":"Andrés"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]}}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Pimiento et al., 2018). Con el fin de dar cumplimiento al objetivo se plantea recolectar sedimentos retenido en tres estructuras de agua lluvia ubicadas en la ciudad de Bogotá por un periodo de ocho meses. Se plantea hacer análisis granulométricos y de concentraciones de contaminantes en las partículas con el fin de estimar las características se los sedimentos. Los datos hidrológicos serán descargados de la información distrital disponible de las estaciones cercanas a los puntos de muestreo. Para el desarrollo de todas las actividades, se estima un presupuesto de $19.246.640. Los resultados obtenidos serán analizados con estadística multivariada e inferencia bayesiana para evaluar relaciones entre las características de los sedimentos y las condiciones hidrológicas con el fin de obtener una herramienta que permita tomar decisiones empleando metodologías de bajo costo y eficientes respecto a la adecuada gestión de los sistemas hídricos urbanos. De esta manera se podrá generar un impacto positivo en el medio ambiente, teniendo en cuenta que los resultados darán un entendimiento sobre la calidad de los sedimentos y sus afectaciones, generando recomendaciones para una mejor disposición y en algunos casos reúso, escenarios que beneficiarán positivamente a las comunidades de las regiones circundantes a los sitios de disposición actual. Estos resultados serán presentados en congresos de carácter nacional e internacional, así como publicados en revistas científicas indexadas. 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