Evaluación de una arcilla delaminada como soporte de Fe y Mn, en la remoción del contaminante emergente 17-etinilestradiol

El agua es un recurso indispensable para la vida de los diferentes seres vivos incluido el hombre. Sólo el 1 % del agua del planeta se considera como agua dulce y es la que el hombre utiliza para sus diversas actividades. Sin embargo, el crecimiento de la población, el desarrollo industrial y el urbanismo han conllevado a un aumento en la demanda y por consiguiente la contaminación de este recurso ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.257","ISSN":"18791026","abstract":"The steady increase in population, coupled with the rapid utilization of resources and continuous development of industry and agriculture has led to excess amounts of wastewater with changes in its composition, texture, complexity and toxicity due to the diverse range of pollutants being present in wastewater. The challenges faced by wastewater treatment today are mainly with the complexity of the wastewater as it complicates treatment processes by requiring a combination of technologies, thus resulting in longer treatment times and higher operational costs. Nanotechnology opens up a novel platform that is free from secondary pollution, inexpensive and an effective way to simultaneously remove multiple pollutants from wastewater. Currently, there are a number of studies that have presented a myriad of multi-purpose/multifunctional nanoparticles that simultaneously remove multiple pollutants in water. However, these studies have not been collated to review the direction that nanoparticle assisted wastewater treatment is heading towards. Hence, this critical review explores the feasibility and efficiency of simultaneous removal of co-existing/multiple pollutants in water using nanomaterials. The discussion begins with an introduction of different classes of pollutants and their toxicity followed by an overview and highlights of current research on multipollutant control in water using different nanomaterials as adsorbents, photocatalysts, disinfectants and microbicides. The analysis is concluded with a look at the current attempts being made towards commercialization of multipollutant control/multifunctional nanotechnology inventions. The review presents evidence of simultaneous removal of pathogenic microorganisms, inorganic and organic compound chemical pollutants using nanoparticles. Accordingly, not only is nanotechnology showcased as a promising and an environmentally-friendly way to solve the limitations of current and conventional centralised water and wastewater treatment facilities but is also presented as a good substitute or supplement in areas without those facilities.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Hlongwane","given":"Gloria Ntombenhle","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Sekoai","given":"Patrick Thabang","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Meyyappan","given":"Meyya","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Moothi","given":"Kapil","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Science of the Total Environment","id":"ITEM-1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2019"]]},"page":"808-833","publisher":"Elsevier B.V.","title":"Simultaneous removal of pollutants from water using nanoparticles: A shift from single pollutant control to multiple pollutant control","type":"article-journal","volume":"656"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=ba3cd1e3-4b4e-4c44-885b-eb33058ad9c6"]},{"id":"ITEM-2","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1016/b978-0-12-814790-0.00006-5","ISBN":"9780128147900","abstract":"Water contamination by micropollutants, such as pesticides, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), surfactants, plasticizers, and pathogens is a global issue of immense attention, owing to the frequency of incidences of waterborne diseases, including human deaths. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs, e.g., photolysis, photochemical, photocatalysis, cavitation, and electrochemical processes), advanced reduction processes (ARPs, e.g., UV/sulfite process), or combined advanced oxidation/reduction processes (AO/RPs, e.g., electron beam and gamma radiation), have emerged to be very promising for the degradation of micropollutants. This review describes the fundamentals of AOPs, ARPs, or combined AO/RPs for water decontamination. Factors affecting the efficiency of AO/RPs, including solution pHs, initial concentrations of pollutant, the presence of natural organic matter and inorganic ions, dissolved oxygen, oxidant concentrations and catalyst loadings, dose rates, and wavelength and intensity of light, are discussed. The mechanisms of pollutant degradation by AO/RPs are described. Recent advances, current challenges and future opportunities in the field of AO/RPs are addressed. Pilot-plant studies and full-scale extension of AO/RPs toward water purification are also discussed, considering practical applications. Cost comparison of various AO/RPs is also made according to the data provided by various suppliers. It is concluded that AO/RPs are promising in the decontamination of water, especially for selected applications.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Khan","given":"Sanaullah","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Sayed","given":"Murtaza","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Sohail","given":"M.","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Shah","given":"Luqman Ali","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Raja","given":"Mazhar Ali","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Advances in Water Purification Techniques","id":"ITEM-2","issued":{"date-parts":[["2019"]]},"number-of-pages":"135-164","publisher":"Elsevier Inc.","title":"Advanced Oxidation and Reduction Processes","type":"book"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=82e0f017-c81f-46c7-99a6-05e7b6824f27"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(Hlongwane, Sekoai, Meyyappan, & Moothi, 2019; Khan, Sayed, Sohail, Shah, & Raja, 2019)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Hlongwane, Sekoai, Meyyappan, & Moothi, 2019; Khan, Sayed, Sohail, Shah, & Raja, 2019)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}(Hlongwane, Sekoai, Meyyappan, & Moothi, 2019; Khan, Sayed, Sohail, Shah, & Raja, 2019). Este recurso hídrico puede ser alterado por diferentes contaminantes tales como: compuesto tóxicos orgánicos, inorgánicos y microorganismos patógenos. La contaminación del agua ha aumentado significativamente como consecuencia de la falta de un tratamiento eficiente y adecuado luego de su uso y la no existencia de plantas de tratamiento en la cantidad requerida (Hlongwane et al., 2019). Hace algunos años atrás, se comenzó hablar de los contaminantes emergentes, los cuales se definen como “sustancias detectadas en el medio ambiente, pero que actualmente no están incluidas en los programas de monitoreo ambiental de rutina y pueden ser candidatas para una futura legislación debido a sus efectos adversos y/o persistentes” ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"URL":"https://www.norman-network.net/index.php","accessed":{"date-parts":[["2019","2","24"]]},"author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"NORMANDO","given":"","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Red de laboratorios de referencia, centros de investigación y organizaciones relacionadas para el monitoreo de sustancias ambientales emergentes.","id":"ITEM-1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2016"]]},"title":"Norman Network","type":"webpage"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=cd233cd6-6b2f-41d3-9dc2-90aced03a746"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(NORMANDO, 2016)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(NORMANDO, 2016)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(NORMANDO, 2016)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}(NORMANDO, 2016). Estos compuestos han generado una gran preocupación debido a la magnitud de sus efectos adversos tanto con el medio ambiente como con la salud de los seres vivos, especialmente a las bajas concentraciones en los que estos se encuentran en los diferentes tipos de agua (superficiales, subterráneas, potables, residuales, etc.)ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1016/j.envint.2019.01.011","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Bilal","given":"Muhammad","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Adeel","given":"Muhammad","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Rasheed","given":"Tahir","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Zhao","given":"Yuping","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Iqbal","given":"M N","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"id":"ITEM-1","issue":"January","issued":{"date-parts":[["2019"]]},"page":"336-353","title":"Emerging contaminants of high concern and their enzyme-assisted biodegradation – A review","type":"article-journal","volume":"124"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=6edc327b-b36e-4ade-8fcd-285b4656feba"]},{"id":"ITEM-2","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1016/j.etap.2018.08.018","ISSN":"1382-6689","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Sabarwal","given":"Akash","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Kumar","given":"Kunal","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Singh","given":"Rana P","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology","id":"ITEM-2","issue":"January","issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]},"page":"103-114","publisher":"Elsevier","title":"Hazardous effects of chemical pesticides on human health – Cancer and other associated disorders","type":"article-journal","volume":"63"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=0e4555ed-7b42-47e3-908b-885f20f809b2"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(Bilal, Adeel, Rasheed, Zhao, & Iqbal, 2019; Sabarwal, Kumar, & Singh, 2018)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Bilal, Adeel, Rasheed, Zhao, & Iqbal, 2019; Sabarwal, Kumar, & Singh, 2018)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Bilal, Adeel, Rasheed, Zhao, & Iqbal, 2019; Sabarwal, Kumar, & Singh, 2018)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}(Bilal, Adeel, Rasheed, Zhao, & Iqbal, 2019; Sabarwal, Kumar, & Singh, 2018). Su persistencia durante largos periodos de tiempo, resistencia a los procesos de eliminación en las plantas de tratamiento de aguas convencionales (residuales y potables), su difícil monitoreo y la falta de tecnologías eficientes para la degradación, han generado grandes retos en los diferentes ámbitos de la ciencia e ingeniería ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.10.021","ISBN":"0048-9697","ISSN":"18791026","PMID":"25461093","abstract":"Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) along with illicit drugs (IDs) are newly recognized classes of environmental pollutants and are receiving considerable attention because of their environmental impacts: frequent occurrence, persistence and risk to aquatic life and humans. However, relatively little information is often available with regard to their possible biotic and abiotic transformation products (TPs). This lack of knowledge has resulted in a substantial amount of ongoing effort to develop methods and approaches that would assess their occurrence, degradability potential elimination mechanisms and efficiencies in sewage treatment plants as well as environmental and human health risks. In this article, an extensive literature survey was performed in order to present the current stage of knowledge and progress made in the occurrence of TPs of PPCPs and IDs in raw and treated wastewaters. Apart from the TPs resulting from structural transformations of the parent compound in the aquatic environment or in technological treatment facilities (e.g. sewage and drinking water treatment plants), free metabolites and drug conjugates formed during human metabolism have also been included in this review as they are also released into the aquatic environment through wastewaters. Their concentration levels were reported in influents and effluents of WWTPs, hospital effluents and their removals in the treatment plants were discussed. Finally, information on the toxicity of TPs has been compiled when available.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Evgenidou","given":"Eleni N.","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Konstantinou","given":"Ioannis K.","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Lambropoulou","given":"Dimitra A.","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Science of the Total Environment","id":"ITEM-1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2015"]]},"page":"905-926","publisher":"Elsevier B.V.","title":"Occurrence and removal of transformation products of PPCPs and illicit drugs in wastewaters: A review","type":"article-journal","volume":"505"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=7d964bc3-130a-4c35-8691-77e969ca9761"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(Evgenidou, Konstantinou, & Lambropoulou, 2015)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Evgenidou, Konstantinou, & Lambropoulou, 2015)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Evgenidou, Konstantinou, & Lambropoulou, 2015)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}(Evgenidou, Konstantinou, & Lambropoulou, 2015). Familia de contaminante emergente Ejemplos de contaminantes emergentes Efectos nocivos o problemáticas Productos farmacéuticos Antibióticos Hormonas Analgésicos ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1016/j.envint.2013.06.012","ISSN":"0160-4120","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Liu","given":"Jin-lin","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Wong","given":"Ming-hung","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Environment International","id":"ITEM-1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2013"]]},"page":"208-224","publisher":"Elsevier Ltd","title":"Pharmaceuticals and personal care products ( PPCPs ): A review on environmental contamination in China","type":"article-journal","volume":"59"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=a00b3c12-7d69-4cc9-b6c5-f19e9b8cc166"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(Liu & Wong, 2013)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Liu & Wong, 2013)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Liu & Wong, 2013)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}(Liu & Wong, 2013) Generación de genes resistentes antibióticos. ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.01.216","ISSN":"18791026","abstract":"Due to the shortening on natural water resources, reclaimed wastewater will be an important water supply source. However, suitable technologies must be available to guaranty its proper detoxification with special concern for the emerging pharmaceutical and personal care products that are continuously reaching municipal wastewater treatment plants. While conventional biological systems are not suitable to remove these compounds, ozone, due to its interesting features involving molecular ozone oxidation and the possibility of generating unselective hydroxyl radicals, has a wider range of action on micropollutants removal and water disinfection. This paper aims to review the studies dealing with ozone based processes for water reuse by considering municipal wastewater reclamation as well as natural and drinking water treatment. A comparison with alternative technologies is given. The main drawback of ozonation is related with the low mineralization achieved that may lead to the production of reaction intermediates with toxic features. The use of hydrogen peroxide and light aided systems enhance ozone action over pollutants. Moreover, scientific community is focused on the development of solid catalysts able to improve the mineralization level achieved by ozone. Special interest is now being given to solar light catalytic ozonation systems with interesting results both for chemical and biological contaminants abatement. Nowadays the integration between ozonation and sand biofiltration seems to be the most interesting cost effective methodology for water treatment. However, further studies must be performed to optimize this system by understanding the biofiltration mechanisms.","author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Gomes","given":"João","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Costa","given":"Raquel","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Quinta-Ferreira","given":"Rosa M.","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Martins","given":"Rui C.","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Science of the Total Environment","id":"ITEM-1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2017"]]},"page":"265-283","publisher":"Elsevier B.V.","title":"Application of ozonation for pharmaceuticals and personal care products removal from water","type":"article-journal","volume":"586"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=903153fe-1cae-4c1c-8ddd-a59551090b7f"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(Gomes, Costa, Quinta-Ferreira, & Martins, 2017)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Gomes, Costa, Quinta-Ferreira, & Martins, 2017)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Gomes, Costa, Quinta-Ferreira, & Martins, 2017)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}(Gomes, Costa, Quinta-Ferreira, & Martins, 2017) Feminización de los peces (Y. Wang, Yin, Kelly, & Gin, 2019) Disfunción endocrina ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"DOI":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.243","ISSN":"00489697","abstract":"Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) are an emerging environmental concern and commonly occur as a mixture of compounds. The EDC mixture can be more toxic than any single compound. The present study analyses EDCs in surface water in the case of an urban tropical river, the Langat River, using the multiresidue analytical method of solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-LC-MS/MS). The Langat River is used as a drinking water source and is treated for Malaysian drinking water supply. A total of 14 EDCs i.e. five hormones, seven pharmaceuticals, one pesticide, and one plasticizer were detected. Caffeine was observed to be highest at 19.33 ng/L, followed by bisphenol A and diclofenac at 8.24 ng/L and 6.15 ng/L, respectively. Using a conservative risk quotient (RQ) method, EDCs were estimated for having negligible risks under acute and chronic exposure (RQ