Escapando a las trampas socioecológicas de la intensificación agrícola: escenarios participativos de transición hacia la sostenibilidad del paisaje cebollero del Lago de Tota (Boyacá).

La intensificación agrícola se refiere a un conjunto de prácticas de uso de la tierra que buscan aumentar la productividad y rentabilidad de los cultivos  ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"LPdCDYk7","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Stone, 2018)","plainCitation":"(Stone, 2018)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":7419,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/10778259/items/VZZ58II9"],"itemData":{"id":7419,"type":"chapter","abstract":"The process of increasing output from a given amount of land by increasing inputs is called agricultural intensification. Intensification may be labor based or capital based. In labor‐based intensification, farmers adapt to rising population density by shortening fallows and accepting lower marginal returns on their work. In capital‐based intensification, farms not only become more factory‐like but also rely increasingly on manufactured inputs. The two processes of intensification differ in many respects, including their sustainability.","container-title":"The International Encyclopedia of Anthropology","edition":"1","ISBN":"978-0-470-65722-5","language":"en","license":"http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1","note":"DOI: 10.1002/9781118924396.wbiea1703","page":"1-6","publisher":"Wiley","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Agricultural Intensification","URL":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781118924396.wbiea1703","editor":[{"family":"Callan","given":"Hilary"}],"author":[{"family":"Stone","given":"Glenn Davis"}],"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",3,31]]},"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018",9,5]]},"citation-key":"stoneAgriculturalIntensification2018"}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Stone, 2018). Usualmente, estas prácticas se asocian con la reducción de especies y variedades cultivadas, remoción de yerbas y otras especies emergentes, aplicación de pesticidas y fertilizantes, mecanización y aumento del tiempo de riego  ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"1KkQ72oT","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Villoria, 2019)","plainCitation":"(Villoria, 2019)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":7474,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/10778259/items/GBW4WZKU"],"itemData":{"id":7474,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"We estimate the effects of agricultural technological progress on cropland expansion at various geographical resolutions, from the country level to the world as a whole, while formally accounting for the international interdependence of national supply responses. Evidence for these effects has thus far been scant, contributing to polarized perceptions about the potential for improving agricultural technologies as a means to slow down deforestation. We find that, in most countries of the world, growth in total factor productivity (TFP) is either uncorrelated or is positively associated with cropland expansion. Yet worldwide TFP growth have been an important source of global land savings. The divergence between the country-level and the global results is explained by the changes in production patterns as countries interact in international markets. Our preferred point estimate of the elasticity of global cropland to global TFP growth is -0.34. Moreover, we estimate that satisfying food demand from 1991 to 2010 without observed TFP growth would have necessitated an additional 173 million hectares, or close to 10% of the area covered by tropical rain forests.","container-title":"American Journal of Agricultural Economics","DOI":"10.1093/ajae/aay088","ISSN":"1467-8276","issue":"3","language":"en","license":"Copyright © 2019 by the Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, Inc.","note":"_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1093/ajae/aay088","page":"870-893","source":"Wiley Online Library","title":"Technology Spillovers and Land Use Change: Empirical Evidence from Global Agriculture","title-short":"Technology Spillovers and Land Use Change","volume":"101","author":[{"family":"Villoria","given":"Nelson B."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2019"]]},"citation-key":"villoriaTechnologySpilloversLand2019"}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Villoria, 2019). Si bien la intensificación agrícola concentra los usos de la tierra en áreas ya transformadas y en principio limita la expansión de sistemas productivos sobre ecosistemas naturales, difícilmente los paisajes intensificados mantienen una mejor integridad ecológica que aquellos no intensificados  ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"jls8wkC5","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Newbold et\\uc0\\u160{}al., 2015)","plainCitation":"(Newbold et al., 2015)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":7477,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/10778259/items/GLC8DQ3R"],"itemData":{"id":7477,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"Human activities, especially conversion and degradation of habitats, are causing global biodiversity declines. How local ecological assemblages are responding is less clear—a concern given their importance for many ecosystem functions and services. We analysed a terrestrial assemblage database of unprecedented geographic and taxonomic coverage to quantify local biodiversity responses to land use and related changes. Here we show that in the worst-affected habitats, these pressures reduce within-sample species richness by an average of 76.5%, total abundance by 39.5% and rarefaction-based richness by 40.3%. We estimate that, globally, these pressures have already slightly reduced average within-sample richness (by 13.6%), total abundance (10.7%) and rarefaction-based richness (8.1%), with changes showing marked spatial variation. Rapid further losses are predicted under a business-as-usual land-use scenario; within-sample richness is projected to fall by a further 3.4% globally by 2100, with losses concentrated in biodiverse but economically poor countries. Strong mitigation can deliver much more positive biodiversity changes (up to a 1.9% average increase) that are less strongly related to countries' socioeconomic status.","container-title":"Nature","DOI":"10.1038/nature14324","ISSN":"1476-4687","issue":"7545","language":"en","license":"2015 Springer Nature Limited","note":"publisher: Nature Publishing Group","page":"45-50","source":"www.nature.com","title":"Global effects of land use on local terrestrial biodiversity","volume":"520","author":[{"family":"Newbold","given":"Tim"},{"family":"Hudson","given":"Lawrence N."},{"family":"Hill","given":"Samantha L. L."},{"family":"Contu","given":"Sara"},{"family":"Lysenko","given":"Igor"},{"family":"Senior","given":"Rebecca A."},{"family":"Börger","given":"Luca"},{"family":"Bennett","given":"Dominic J."},{"family":"Choimes","given":"Argyrios"},{"family":"Collen","given":"Ben"},{"family":"Day","given":"Julie"},{"family":"De Palma","given":"Adriana"},{"family":"Díaz","given":"Sandra"},{"family":"Echeverria-Londoño","given":"Susy"},{"family":"Edgar","given":"Melanie J."},{"family":"Feldman","given":"Anat"},{"family":"Garon","given":"Morgan"},{"family":"Harrison","given":"Michelle L. K."},{"family":"Alhusseini","given":"Tamera"},{"family":"Ingram","given":"Daniel J."},{"family":"Itescu","given":"Yuval"},{"family":"Kattge","given":"Jens"},{"family":"Kemp","given":"Victoria"},{"family":"Kirkpatrick","given":"Lucinda"},{"family":"Kleyer","given":"Michael"},{"family":"Correia","given":"David Laginha Pinto"},{"family":"Martin","given":"Callum D."},{"family":"Meiri","given":"Shai"},{"family":"Novosolov","given":"Maria"},{"family":"Pan","given":"Yuan"},{"family":"Phillips","given":"Helen R. P."},{"family":"Purves","given":"Drew W."},{"family":"Robinson","given":"Alexandra"},{"family":"Simpson","given":"Jake"},{"family":"Tuck","given":"Sean L."},{"family":"Weiher","given":"Evan"},{"family":"White","given":"Hannah J."},{"family":"Ewers","given":"Robert M."},{"family":"Mace","given":"Georgina M."},{"family":"Scharlemann","given":"Jörn P. W."},{"family":"Purvis","given":"Andy"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2015",4]]},"citation-key":"newboldGlobalEffectsLand2015"}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Newbold et al., 2015). En parte, esto podría ocurrir por el denominado efecto rebote de la intensificación  ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"Dupqjct1","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Paul et\\uc0\\u160{}al., 2019)","plainCitation":"(Paul et al., 2019)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":7479,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/10778259/items/KJNPXSDN"],"itemData":{"id":7479,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"Increasing the efficiency of production is the basis for decoupling economic growth from resource consumption. In agriculture, more efficient use of natural resources is at the heart of sustainable intensification. However, technical improvements do not directly translate into resource savings because producers and consumers adapt their behaviour to such improvements, often resulting in a rebound effect, where part or all of the potential resource savings are offset. In extreme cases, increases in efficiency may even result in higher, instead of lower, resource consumption (the Jevons paradox). Rebound effects are particularly complex in agricultural land and soil management, where multiple resources are used simultaneously and efficiency gains aim to lower the need for farmland, water, energy, nutrients, pesticides, and greenhouse gas emissions. In this context, quantification of rebound effects is a prerequisite for generating realistic scenarios of global food provision and for advancing the debate on land sparing versus land sharing. However, studies that provide an overview of rebound effects related to the resources used in agriculture or guidelines for assessing potential rebound effects from future innovations are lacking. This paper contributes to closing this gap by reviewing the current state of knowledge and developing a framework for a structured appraisal of rebound effects. As a test case, the proposed framework is applied to emerging technologies and practices in agricultural soil management in Germany. The literature review revealed substantial evidence of rebound effects or even Jevons’ paradox with regard to efficiency increases in land productivity and irrigation water use. By contrast, there were few studies addressing rebound effects from efficiency increases in fertilizer use, pesticide application, agricultural energy use, and greenhouse gas emissions. While rebound effects are by definition caused by behavioural adaptations of humans, in agriculture also natural adaptations occur, such as resistance of pests to certain pesticides. Future studies should consider extending the definition of rebound effects to such natural adaptations. The test case revealed the potential for direct and indirect economic rebound effects of a number of emerging technologies and practices, such as improved irrigation technologies, which increase water productivity and may thereby contribute to increases in irrigated areas and total water use. The results of this study indicated that rebound effects must be assessed to achieve realistic estimates of resource savings from efficiency improvements and to enable informed policy choices. The framework developed in this paper is the first to facilitate such assessments.","container-title":"Journal of Cleaner Production","DOI":"10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.115","ISSN":"0959-6526","journalAbbreviation":"Journal of Cleaner Production","page":"1054-1067","source":"ScienceDirect","title":"Rebound effects in agricultural land and soil management: Review and analytical framework","title-short":"Rebound effects in agricultural land and soil management","volume":"227","author":[{"family":"Paul","given":"Carsten"},{"family":"Techen","given":"Anja-Kristina"},{"family":"Robinson","given":"James Scott"},{"family":"Helming","given":"Katharina"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2019",8,1]]},"citation-key":"paulReboundEffectsAgricultural2019"}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Paul et al., 2019), el cual implica que, ante el aumento de los beneficios económicos percibidos por los productores en un tiempo determinado, se estimula la adopción de prácticas intensificadoras en áreas vecinas que pueden estar cultivadas o no, modificando así la estructura y funcionalidad ecológica del paisaje  ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"fQXrIZy7","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Meyfroidt et\\uc0\\u160{}al., 2022)","plainCitation":"(Meyfroidt et al., 2022)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":7106,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/10778259/items/ZNJLLVCB"],"itemData":{"id":7106,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"Land use is central to addressing sustainability issues, including biodiversity conservation, climate change, food security, poverty alleviation, and sustainable energy. In this paper, we synthesize knowledge accumulated in land system science, the integrated study of terrestrial social-ecological systems, into 10 hard truths that have strong, general, empirical support. These facts help to explain the challenges of achieving sustainability in land use and thus also point toward solutions. The 10 facts are as follows: 1) Meanings and values of land are socially constructed and contested; 2) land systems exhibit complex behaviors with abrupt, hard-to-predict changes; 3) irreversible changes and path dependence are common features of land systems; 4) some land uses have a small footprint but very large impacts; 5) drivers and impacts of land-use change are globally interconnected and spill over to distant locations; 6) humanity lives on a used planet where all land provides benefits to societies; 7) land-use change usually entails trade-offs between different benefits—\"win–wins\" are thus rare; 8) land tenure and land-use claims are often unclear, overlapping, and contested; 9) the benefits and burdens from land are unequally distributed; and 10) land users have multiple, sometimes conflicting, ideas of what social and environmental justice entails. The facts have implications for governance, but do not provide fixed answers. Instead they constitute a set of core principles which can guide scientists, policy makers, and practitioners toward meeting sustainability challenges in land use.","container-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","DOI":"10.1073/pnas.2109217118","ISSN":"0027-8424, 1091-6490","issue":"7","journalAbbreviation":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.","language":"en","page":"e2109217118","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Ten facts about land systems for sustainability","volume":"119","author":[{"family":"Meyfroidt","given":"Patrick"},{"family":"De Bremond","given":"Ariane"},{"family":"Ryan","given":"Casey M."},{"family":"Archer","given":"Emma"},{"family":"Aspinall","given":"Richard"},{"family":"Chhabra","given":"Abha"},{"family":"Camara","given":"Gilberto"},{"family":"Corbera","given":"Esteve"},{"family":"DeFries","given":"Ruth"},{"family":"Díaz","given":"Sandra"},{"family":"Dong","given":"Jinwei"},{"family":"Ellis","given":"Erle C."},{"family":"Erb","given":"Karl-Heinz"},{"family":"Fisher","given":"Janet A."},{"family":"Garrett","given":"Rachael D."},{"family":"Golubiewski","given":"Nancy E."},{"family":"Grau","given":"H. Ricardo"},{"family":"Grove","given":"J. Morgan"},{"family":"Haberl","given":"Helmut"},{"family":"Heinimann","given":"Andreas"},{"family":"Hostert","given":"Patrick"},{"family":"Jobbágy","given":"Esteban G."},{"family":"Kerr","given":"Suzi"},{"family":"Kuemmerle","given":"Tobias"},{"family":"Lambin","given":"Eric F."},{"family":"Lavorel","given":"Sandra"},{"family":"Lele","given":"Sharachandra"},{"family":"Mertz","given":"Ole"},{"family":"Messerli","given":"Peter"},{"family":"Metternicht","given":"Graciela"},{"family":"Munroe","given":"Darla K."},{"family":"Nagendra","given":"Harini"},{"family":"Nielsen","given":"Jonas Østergaard"},{"family":"Ojima","given":"Dennis S."},{"family":"Parker","given":"Dawn Cassandra"},{"family":"Pascual","given":"Unai"},{"family":"Porter","given":"John R."},{"family":"Ramankutty","given":"Navin"},{"family":"Reenberg","given":"Anette"},{"family":"Roy Chowdhury","given":"Rinku"},{"family":"Seto","given":"Karen C."},{"family":"Seufert","given":"Verena"},{"family":"Shibata","given":"Hideaki"},{"family":"Thomson","given":"Allison"},{"family":"Turner","given":"Billie L."},{"family":"Urabe","given":"Jotaro"},{"family":"Veldkamp","given":"Tom"},{"family":"Verburg","given":"Peter H."},{"family":"Zeleke","given":"Gete"},{"family":"Zu Ermgassen","given":"Erasmus K. H. J."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2022",2,15]]},"citation-key":"meyfroidtTenFactsLand2022"}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Meyfroidt et al., 2022). Algunas de las consecuencias ambientales de la intensificación agrícola se asocian con la degradación y contaminación de fuentes de agua, la contaminación del aire, la disminución en la fertilidad del suelo, la pérdida de la biodiversidad y el aumento en la propagación de enfermedades  ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"xkkL6ne1","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Emmerson et\\uc0\\u160{}al., 2016)","plainCitation":"(Emmerson et al., 2016)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":7483,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/10778259/items/J8FXTGHV"],"itemData":{"id":7483,"type":"chapter","abstract":"As the world's population continues to grow, the demand for food, fodder, fibre and bioenergy will increase. In Europe, the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) has driven the intensification of agriculture, promoting the simplification and specialization of agroecosystems through the decline in landscape heterogeneity, the increased use of chemicals per unit area, and the abandonment of less fertile areas. In combination, these processes have eroded the quantity and quality of habitat for many plants and animals, and hence decreased biodiversity and the abundance of species across a hierarchy of trophic levels and spatial scales within Europe. This biodiversity loss has led to profound changes in the functioning of European agroecosystems over the last 50 years. Here, we synthesize the findings from a large-scale pan-European investigation of the combined effects of agricultural intensification on a range of agroecosystem services. These include (1) the persistence of high conservation value species; (2) the level of biological control of agricultural pests and (3) the functional diversity of a number of taxonomic groups, including birds, beetles and arable weeds. The study encompasses a gradient of geography-bioclimate and agricultural intensification that enables the large-scale measurement of ecological impacts of agricultural intensification across European agroecosystems. We provide an overview of the role of the CAP as a driver of agricultural intensification in the European Union, and we demonstrate compelling negative relationships between the application of pesticides and the various components of biodiversity studied on a pan-European scale.","collection-title":"Large-Scale Ecology: Model Systems to Global Perspectives","container-title":"Advances in Ecological Research","note":"DOI: 10.1016/bs.aecr.2016.08.005","page":"43-97","publisher":"Academic Press","source":"ScienceDirect","title":"How Agricultural Intensification Affects Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services","URL":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0065250416300204","volume":"55","author":[{"family":"Emmerson","given":"M."},{"family":"Morales","given":"M. B."},{"family":"Oñate","given":"J. J."},{"family":"Batáry","given":"P."},{"family":"Berendse","given":"F."},{"family":"Liira","given":"J."},{"family":"Aavik","given":"T."},{"family":"Guerrero","given":"I."},{"family":"Bommarco","given":"R."},{"family":"Eggers","given":"S."},{"family":"Pärt","given":"T."},{"family":"Tscharntke","given":"T."},{"family":"Weisser","given":"W."},{"family":"Clement","given":"L."},{"family":"Bengtsson","given":"J."}],"editor":[{"family":"Dumbrell","given":"Alex J."},{"family":"Kordas","given":"Rebecca L."},{"family":"Woodward","given":"Guy"}],"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",3,31]]},"issued":{"date-parts":[["2016",1,1]]},"citation-key":"emmersonHowAgriculturalIntensification2016"}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Emmerson et al., 2016). Los impactos de la intensificación agrícola varían en espacio y tiempo, dependiendo del contexto. A corto plazo, en paisajes rurales heterogéneos, la intensificación puede tener efectos económicos positivos generalizados para los productores, con impactos poco significativos en las funciones ecológicas del paisaje  ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"R55MszDR","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Tscharntke et\\uc0\\u160{}al., 2005)","plainCitation":"(Tscharntke et al., 2005)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":7486,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/10778259/items/VU96VZLK"],"itemData":{"id":7486,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"Understanding the negative and positive effects of agricultural land use for the conservation of biodiversity, and its relation to ecosystem services, needs a landscape perspective. Agriculture can contribute to the conservation of high-diversity systems, which may provide important ecosystem services such as pollination and biological control via complementarity and sampling effects. Land-use management is often focused on few species and local processes, but in dynamic, agricultural landscapes, only a diversity of insurance species may guarantee resilience (the capacity to reorganize after disturbance). Interacting species experience their surrounding landscape at different spatial scales, which influences trophic interactions. Structurally complex landscapes enhance local diversity in agroecosystems, which may compensate for local highintensity management. Organisms with high-dispersal abilities appear to drive these biodiversity patterns and ecosystem services, because of their recolonization ability and larger resources experienced. Agri-environment schemes (incentives for farmers to benefit the environment) need to broaden their perspective and to take the different responses to schemes in simple (high impact) and complex (low impact) agricultural landscapes into account. In simple landscapes, local allocation of habitat is more important than in complex landscapes, which are in total at risk. However, little knowledge of the relative importance of local and landscape management for biodiversity and its relation to ecosystem services make reliable recommendations difficult.","container-title":"Ecology Letters","DOI":"10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00782.x","ISSN":"1461-023X, 1461-0248","issue":"8","journalAbbreviation":"Ecology Letters","language":"en","page":"857-874","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Landscape perspectives on agricultural intensification and biodiversity – ecosystem service management","volume":"8","author":[{"family":"Tscharntke","given":"Teja"},{"family":"Klein","given":"Alexandra M."},{"family":"Kruess","given":"Andreas"},{"family":"Steffan‐Dewenter","given":"Ingolf"},{"family":"Thies","given":"Carsten"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2005",8]]},"citation-key":"tscharntkeLandscapePerspectivesAgricultural2005"}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Tscharntke et al., 2005). Sin embargo, a mediano y largo plazo, la intensificación puede derivar en la pérdida de funciones y servicios de los ecosistemas esenciales para la producción  ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"ja7SCA4H","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Allan et\\uc0\\u160{}al., 2015)","plainCitation":"(Allan et al., 2015)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":32,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/10778259/items/SDZHS3GK"],"itemData":{"id":32,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"Global change, especially land-use intensification, affects human well-being by impacting the delivery of multiple ecosystem services (multifunctionality). However, whether biodiversity loss is a major component of global change effects on multifunctionality in real-world ecosystems, as in experimental ones, remains unclear. Therefore, we assessed biodiversity, functional composition and 14 ecosystem services on 150 agricultural grasslands differing in land-use intensity. We also introduce five multifunctionality measures in which ecosystem services were weighted according to realistic land-use objectives. We found that indirect land-use effects, i.e. those mediated by biodiversity loss and by changes to functional composition, were as strong as direct effects on average. Their strength varied with land-use objectives and regional context. Biodiversity loss explained indirect effects in a region of intermediate productivity and was most damaging when land-use objectives favoured supporting and cultural services. In contrast, functional composition shifts, towards fast-growing plant species, strongly increased provisioning services in more inherently unproductive grasslands.","container-title":"Ecology Letters","DOI":"10.1111/ELE.12469","ISSN":"14610248","issue":"8","note":"PMID: 26096863\npublisher: Wiley-Blackwell","page":"834","title":"Land use intensification alters ecosystem multifunctionality via loss of biodiversity and changes to functional composition","volume":"18","author":[{"family":"Allan","given":"Eric"},{"family":"Manning","given":"Pete"},{"family":"Alt","given":"Fabian"},{"family":"Binkenstein","given":"Julia"},{"family":"Blaser","given":"Stefan"},{"family":"Blüthgen","given":"Nico"},{"family":"Böhm","given":"Stefan"},{"family":"Grassein","given":"Fabrice"},{"family":"Hölzel","given":"Norbert"},{"family":"Klaus","given":"Valentin H."},{"family":"Kleinebecker","given":"Till"},{"family":"Morris","given":"E. Kathryn"},{"family":"Oelmann","given":"Yvonne"},{"family":"Prati","given":"Daniel"},{"family":"Renner","given":"Swen C."},{"family":"Rillig","given":"Matthias C."},{"family":"Schaefer","given":"Martin"},{"family":"Schloter","given":"Michael"},{"family":"Schmitt","given":"Barbara"},{"family":"Schöning","given":"Ingo"},{"family":"Schrumpf","given":"Marion"},{"family":"Solly","given":"Emily"},{"family":"Sorkau","given":"Elisabeth"},{"family":"Steckel","given":"Juliane"},{"family":"Steffen-Dewenter","given":"Ingolf"},{"family":"Stempfhuber","given":"Barbara"},{"family":"Tschapka","given":"Marco"},{"family":"Weiner","given":"Christiane N."},{"family":"Weisser","given":"Wolfgang W."},{"family":"Werner","given":"Michael"},{"family":"Westphal","given":"Catrin"},{"family":"Wilcke","given":"Wolfgang"},{"family":"Fischer","given":"Markus"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2015"]]},"citation-key":"allanLandUseIntensification2015"}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Allan et al., 2015), aumentando la dependencia de insumos externos, exacerbando condiciones de vulnerabilidad ante perturbaciones externas y definiendo arreglos sociales inequitativos entre diferentes tipos de productores (ej. agricultura familiar, capitalismo rural, capitalismo agrario). En este caso, las retroalimentaciones entre procesos sociales y ecológicos relacionados con la producción agrícola se refuerzan entre sí y empujan el paisaje a una trampa socioecológica, es decir, a un estado estable de equilibrio del sistema de producción que amenaza su sostenibilidad, los medios de vida de los productores y que es difícilmente reversible  ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"hdaFVA3c","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Cumming, 2018)","plainCitation":"(Cumming, 2018)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":44,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/10778259/items/M95A26PD"],"itemData":{"id":44,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"Successful conservation depends as much on people working together as it does on sound science and good governance. Research on cooperation in businesses, economics, psychology, and natural resource management has identified shared social and social-ecological dynamics, reviewed and categorized in this article that can create unwanted surprises and problems for conservation efforts. Cooperation may fail when: (1) individual and group benefits are in conflict (social dilemmas) or (2) social-ecological systems become caught in problem-causing and problem-enhancing feedbacks (SES traps). Knowing about and recognizing these dynamics can help decision makers to understand and change key elements of problems and learn from the experiences of others. Social dilemmas have winners and losers, and involve give-some or take-some choices; SES traps are lose-lose situations. Solutions to problems of cooperation in conservation contexts involve identifying the conservation objective and context, diagnosing systemic social dilemmas and SES traps, and developing practical solutions that work with group processes and individuals toward shared and positively reinforcing goals, goal structures, and expectations. Research on cooperation in conservation has largely ignored problems of scale, scaling, and group heterogeneity. The field would benefit from a shift from a probabilistic, empirical approach to a stronger theory-driven, mechanistic, and more diagnostic approach.","container-title":"Conservation Letters","DOI":"10.1111/CONL.12376","ISSN":"1755-263X","issue":"1","note":"publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd","page":"e12376","title":"A Review of Social Dilemmas and Social-Ecological Traps in Conservation and Natural Resource Management","volume":"11","author":[{"family":"Cumming","given":"Graeme S"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018",1,1]]},"citation-key":"cummingReviewSocialDilemmas2018"}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Cumming, 2018). A pesar de los esfuerzos por encontrar trayectorias de intensificación agrícola sostenible que eviten las trampas socioecológicas y garanticen la provisión de alimentos y la salud de las economías rurales (i.e.  ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"4v5w7q7c","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Garnett et\\uc0\\u160{}al., 2013)","plainCitation":"(Garnett et al., 2013)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":7421,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/10778259/items/J5JSJLDK"],"itemData":{"id":7421,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"Clearer understanding is needed of the premises underlying SI and how it relates to food-system priorities.\n          , \n            \n              Food security is high on the global policy agenda. Demand for food is increasing as populations grow and gain wealth to purchase more varied and resource-intensive diets. There is increased competition for land, water, energy, and other inputs into food production. Climate change poses challenges to agriculture, particularly in developing countries (\n              \n                1\n              \n              ), and many current farming practices damage the environment and are a major source of greenhouse gases (GHG). In an increasingly globalized world, food insecurity in one region can have widespread political and economic ramifications (\n              \n                2\n              \n              ).","container-title":"Science","DOI":"10.1126/science.1234485","ISSN":"0036-8075, 1095-9203","issue":"6141","journalAbbreviation":"Science","language":"en","page":"33-34","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Sustainable Intensification in Agriculture: Premises and Policies","title-short":"Sustainable Intensification in Agriculture","volume":"341","author":[{"family":"Garnett","given":"T."},{"family":"Appleby","given":"M. C."},{"family":"Balmford","given":"A."},{"family":"Bateman","given":"I. J."},{"family":"Benton","given":"T. G."},{"family":"Bloomer","given":"P."},{"family":"Burlingame","given":"B."},{"family":"Dawkins","given":"M."},{"family":"Dolan","given":"L."},{"family":"Fraser","given":"D."},{"family":"Herrero","given":"M."},{"family":"Hoffmann","given":"I."},{"family":"Smith","given":"P."},{"family":"Thornton","given":"P. K."},{"family":"Toulmin","given":"C."},{"family":"Vermeulen","given":"S. J."},{"family":"Godfray","given":"H. C. J."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2013",7,5]]},"citation-key":"garnettSustainableIntensificationAgriculture2013"}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} Garnett et al., 2013), aún persisten importantes necesidades de conocimiento sobre los mecanismos que explican cambios de régimen en el uso de la tierra y colapsos en paisajes agrícolas intensificados. Las trampas socioecológicas se distinguen por su notable resiliencia  ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"ANixy0bD","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Dornelles et\\uc0\\u160{}al., 2020)","plainCitation":"(Dornelles et al., 2020)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":7312,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/10778259/items/HWC6GRBD"],"itemData":{"id":7312,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"Non-technical summary\n            \n              Resilience is a cross-disciplinary concept that is relevant for understanding the sustainability of the social and environmental conditions in which we live. Most research normatively focuses on building or strengthening resilience, despite growing recognition of the importance of breaking the resilience of, and thus transforming, unsustainable social-ecological systems. Undesirable resilience (cf.\n              lock-ins\n              ,\n              social-ecological traps\n              ), however, is not only less explored in the academic literature, but its understanding is also more fragmented across different disciplines. This disparity can inhibit collaboration among researchers exploring interdependent challenges in sustainability sciences. In this article, we propose that the term\n              lock-in\n              may contribute to a common understanding of undesirable resilience across scientific fields.\n            \n          , \n            Technical summary\n            \n              Resilience is an extendable concept that bridges the social and life sciences. Studies increasingly interpret resilience normatively as a desirable property of social-ecological systems, despite growing awareness of resilient properties leading to social and ecological degradation, vulnerability or barriers that hinder sustainability transformations (i.e., ‘undesirable’ resilience). This is the first study to qualify, quantify and compare the conceptualization of ‘desirable’ and ‘undesirable’ resilience across academic disciplines. Our literature analysis found that various synonyms are used to denote undesirable resilience (e.g., path dependency, social-ecological traps, institutional inertia). Compared to resilience as a desirable property, research on undesirable resilience is substantially less frequent and scattered across distinct scientific fields. Amongst synonyms for undesirable resilience, the term\n              lock-in\n              is more frequently and evenly used across academic disciplines. We propose that\n              lock-in\n              therefore has the potential to reconcile diverse interpretations of the mechanisms that constrain system transformation – explicitly and coherently addressing characteristics of reversibility and plausibility – and thus enabling integrative understanding of social-ecological system dynamics.\n            \n          , \n            Social media summary\n            ‘Lock-in’ as a bridging concept for interdisciplinary understanding of barriers to desirable sustainability transitions.","container-title":"Global Sustainability","DOI":"10.1017/sus.2020.15","ISSN":"2059-4798","journalAbbreviation":"Glob. Sustain.","language":"en","page":"e20","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Towards a bridging concept for undesirable resilience in social-ecological systems","volume":"3","author":[{"family":"Dornelles","given":"André Z."},{"family":"Boyd","given":"Emily"},{"family":"Nunes","given":"Richard J."},{"family":"Asquith","given":"Mike"},{"family":"Boonstra","given":"Wiebren J."},{"family":"Delabre","given":"Izabela"},{"family":"Denney","given":"J. Michael"},{"family":"Grimm","given":"Volker"},{"family":"Jentsch","given":"Anke"},{"family":"Nicholas","given":"Kimberly A."},{"family":"Schröter","given":"Matthias"},{"family":"Seppelt","given":"Ralf"},{"family":"Settele","given":"Josef"},{"family":"Shackelford","given":"Nancy"},{"family":"Standish","given":"Rachel J."},{"family":"Yengoh","given":"Genesis Tambang"},{"family":"Oliver","given":"Tom H."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2020"]]},"citation-key":"dornellesBridgingConceptUndesirable2020"}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Dornelles et al., 2020), que se traduce en su habilidad para maladaptarse y absorber perturbaciones sin sufrir cambios significativos  ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"In3TQZQR","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Boonstra & De Boer, 2014)","plainCitation":"(Boonstra & De Boer, 2014)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":7331,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/10778259/items/P2KSU5RZ"],"itemData":{"id":7331,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"Environmental degradation is a typical unintended outcome of collective human behavior. Hardin’s metaphor of the ‘‘tragedy of the commons’’ has become a conceived wisdom that captures the social dynamics leading to environmental degradation. Recently, ‘‘traps’’ has gained currency as an alternative concept to explain the rigidity of social and ecological processes that produce environmental degradation and livelihood impoverishment. The trap metaphor is, however, a great deal more complex compared to Hardin’s insight. This paper takes stock of studies using the trap metaphor. It argues that the concept includes time and history in the analysis, but only as background conditions and not as a factor of causality. From a historical–sociological perspective this is remarkable since social–ecological traps are clearly path-dependent processes, which are causally produced through a conjunction of events. To prove this point the paper conceptualizes social–ecological traps as a process instead of a condition, and systematically compares history and timing in one classic and three recent studies of social–ecological traps. Based on this comparison it concludes that conjunction of social and environmental events contributes profoundly to the production of trap processes. The paper further discusses the implications of this conclusion for policy intervention and outlines how future research might generalize insights from historical–sociological studies of traps.","container-title":"AMBIO","DOI":"10.1007/s13280-013-0419-1","ISSN":"0044-7447, 1654-7209","issue":"3","journalAbbreviation":"AMBIO","language":"en","page":"260-274","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"The Historical Dynamics of Social–Ecological Traps","volume":"43","author":[{"family":"Boonstra","given":"Wiebren J."},{"family":"De Boer","given":"Florianne W."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2014",4]]},"citation-key":"boonstraHistoricalDynamicsSocial2014"}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Boonstra & De Boer, 2014). Aunque es posible intervenir los procesos socioecológicos que generan el entrampamiento mediante la acción de instituciones formales e informales de gobernanza, la implementación de medidas débiles o inadecuadamente contextualizadas puede tener un efecto contraproducente, exacerbando resultados sociales y ecológicos adversos  ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"JeAJBj5y","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Baker et\\uc0\\u160{}al., 2018)","plainCitation":"(Baker et al., 2018)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":7314,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/10778259/items/KS26IK8G"],"itemData":{"id":7314,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"Many countries in sub-Saharan Africa have areas of significant ecological importance that overlap with pressing development needs and high levels of natural resource dependence. This makes the design of effective natural resource governance and management systems both challenging and critical. In Ghana, this challenge is made more complex by the necessity of connecting formal, state-led systems of governance with Ghana’s informal governance systems through which customary authorities exert considerable control over land and resources. We present findings from two multimethod research projects in two regions of Ghana that have significant issues related to resource exploitation and that have experienced extensive management interventions. The goals of the research were to characterize the social-ecological traps from a local perspective, to describe how governance and management structures interact with and relate to those traps, and to discuss the strategies used and challenges encountered when community-based natural resource management initiatives seek to reverse persistent social-ecological traps. In both case studies, participants described persistent cycles of resource dependence, overexploitation, and unsustainable land-use practices, which are exacerbated by illegal logging, intensive agricultural development, and population growth. Findings highlight how natural resource management is constrained by a lack of capacity to implement and enforce state policies, ongoing tension between customary and state institutions, and ambiguity regarding management responsibility and resource tenure. Interventions included targeted governance reform that centred on improving linkages between customary and state institutions, new and nonlocal actors, and complementary investments in capacity building and training. We conclude with a discussion of implications for the design of effective natural resource governance regimes in Ghana and beyond.","container-title":"Ecology and Society","ISSN":"1708-3087","issue":"1","note":"publisher: Resilience Alliance Inc.","source":"JSTOR","title":"Governance and the making and breaking of social-ecological traps","URL":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/26799057","volume":"23","author":[{"family":"Baker","given":"Dana M."},{"family":"Murray","given":"Grant"},{"family":"Agyare","given":"Andrew Kyei"}],"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",3,20]]},"issued":{"date-parts":[["2018"]]},"citation-key":"bakerGovernanceMakingBreaking2018"}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Baker et al., 2018). Por ejemplo, en paisajes productivos que enfrentan procesos de intensificación agrícola, las posibilidades de revertir trampas socioecológicas están condicionadas por la capacidad de coordinar decisiones entre productores a escala de predio, asunto que se hace más complejo por las dinámicas de relacionamiento entre otros actores sociales que hacen parte de cadenas de valor y por los cambios en las condiciones ambientales externas (ej. variabilidad hidroclimatológica) (Busck, 2002). A pesar de los esfuerzos por comprender y definir estrategias para escapar de las trampas socioecológicas, todavía es poco lo que se conoce sobre las dinámicas multiescalares y multitemporales que se asocian con su emergencia  ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"KYNQCcvM","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Eriksson et\\uc0\\u160{}al., 2021)","plainCitation":"(Eriksson et al., 2021)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":7491,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/10778259/items/B4JCV9ZT"],"itemData":{"id":7491,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"This Special Feature is motivated by the rigorous, and growing, theoretical and empirical body of literature on socialecological traps. Building on the foundational literature, which describes the context in many of the places where we work, we now look forward and ask how we can better understand and enable the breaking and escaping of social-ecological traps. In this Special Feature we focus on this frontier in the field and use the trap metaphor as a unifying framework for collating empirically derived insights on overcoming challenges across diverse geographies, sectors, and social-ecological contexts. We requested contributions to this feature that, as well as possible under each context, explore tangible pathways for disrupting social-ecological traps. Thematic relevance and clear contribution to social-ecological scholarship was emphasized in the invited contributions, but authors were not constrained by methodological approach, context, geographical location, or sector. Our ambition with this editorial is to synthesize the novel insights these papers highlight and situate their contributions within the relevant literature.","container-title":"Ecology and Society","DOI":"10.5751/ES-12198-260113","ISSN":"1708-3087","issue":"1","journalAbbreviation":"E&S","language":"en","page":"art13","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Beyond social-ecological traps: fostering transformations towards sustainability","title-short":"Beyond social-ecological traps","volume":"26","author":[{"family":"Eriksson","given":"Hampus"},{"family":"Blythe","given":"Jessica L."},{"family":"Österblom","given":"Henrik"},{"family":"Olsson","given":"Per"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2021"]]},"citation-key":"erikssonSocialecologicalTrapsFostering2021"}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Eriksson et al., 2021). Por ejemplo, en contextos de intensificación agrícola, se hace difícil anticipar la emergencia de efectos a escala del paisaje o prever cambios en procesos que se asocien con la definición de dichas trampas. Un factor que limita las respuestas de los actores sociales frente a las trampas socioecológicas es la dificultad para comprender colectivamente cómo sus prácticas reproducen el proceso que explica el entrampamiento  ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"c5cNZaBR","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Boonstra et\\uc0\\u160{}al., 2016)","plainCitation":"(Boonstra et al., 2016)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":7315,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/10778259/items/6PZRF7C4"],"itemData":{"id":7315,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"Social-ecological (SE) traps refer to persistent mismatches between the responses of people, or organisms, and their social and ecological conditions that are undesirable from a sustainability perspective. Until now, the occurrence of SE traps is primarily explained from a lack of adaptive capacity; not much attention is paid to other causal factors. In our article, we address this concern by theorizing the variety of human responses to SE traps and the effect of these responses on trap dynamics. Besides (adaptive) capacities, we theorize desires, abilities and opportunities as important additional drivers to explain the diversity of human responses to traps. Using these theoretical concepts, we construct a typology of human responses to SE traps, and illustrate its empirical relevance with three cases of SE traps: Swedish Baltic Sea fishery; amaXhosa rural livelihoods; and Pamir smallholder farming. We conclude with a discussion of how attention to the diversity in human response to SE traps may inform future academic research and planned interventions to prevent or dissolve SE traps.","container-title":"Sustainability Science","DOI":"10.1007/s11625-016-0397-x","ISSN":"1862-4065, 1862-4057","issue":"6","journalAbbreviation":"Sustain Sci","language":"en","page":"877-889","source":"DOI.org (Crossref)","title":"Human responses to social-ecological traps","volume":"11","author":[{"family":"Boonstra","given":"Wiebren Johannes"},{"family":"Björkvik","given":"Emma"},{"family":"Haider","given":"L. Jamila"},{"family":"Masterson","given":"Vanessa"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2016",11]]},"citation-key":"boonstraHumanResponsesSocialecological2016"}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Boonstra et al., 2016). Por ejemplo, dicha dificultad se asocia tanto con las limitaciones para apreciar los efectos agregados de sus comportamientos individuales, como con las dinámicas de comunicación e interacciones sociales establecidas sobre información sesgada o incompleta respecto a la realidad del sistema socioecológico del que hacen parte. Es evidente que para superar dichas trampas se requieren de herramientas que permitan, además de visualizar y reconocer colectivamente los resultados de las diferentes decisiones, favorecer acciones que apunten a transformaciones socioecológicas que garanticen la sostenibilidad  ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"TQk7ZUQC","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Chaffin et\\uc0\\u160{}al., 2016)","plainCitation":"(Chaffin et al., 2016)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":692,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/10778259/items/HJFBI3FG"],"itemData":{"id":692,"type":"article-journal","container-title":"Annual Review of Environment and Resources","DOI":"10.1146/annurev-environ-110615-085817","issue":"1","note":"Citation Key: Chaffin:2016giba","page":"399","title":"Transformative Environmental Governance","volume":"41","author":[{"family":"Chaffin","given":"Brian C"},{"family":"Garmestani","given":"Ahjond S"},{"family":"Gunderson","given":"Lance H"},{"family":"Benson","given":"Melinda Harm"},{"family":"Angeler","given":"David G"},{"family":"Arnold","given":"Craig Anthony Tony"},{"family":"Cosens","given":"Barbara"},{"family":"Craig","given":"Robin Kundis"},{"family":"Ruhl","given":"J B"},{"family":"Allen","given":"Craig R"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2016"]]},"citation-key":"Chaffin:2016giba"}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Chaffin et al., 2016). Los modelos de acompañamiento (MDA) representan una alternativa metodológica en la que es posible representar de forma participativa diferentes perspectivas de la realidad que tienen los actores sociales respecto al sistema socioecológico del que hacen parte, identificar los problemas que explican su amenazan su funcionamiento y simular el comportamiento de dicho sistema bajo diferentes escenario y políticas, de suerte que sea posible explorar alternativas y promover el aprendizaje y la acción colectiva  ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"CE5GT6pS","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Barreteau et\\uc0\\u160{}al., 2014)","plainCitation":"(Barreteau et al., 2014)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":7496,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/10778259/items/XHCNHZRI"],"itemData":{"id":7496,"type":"chapter","abstract":"The principles laid down in the ComMod Charter and presented in the general introduction relate to a stance or attitude towards how a specific issue and specific field are addressed by taking into account the various types of knowledge and perceptions already present and the use of certain tools. These principles suggest a framing for the teams committed to them, but the adaptation capacity in organizing the implementation of companion modelling in a given case study is in practice left to the commodian. This chapter aims to detail the diversity involved in implementing a ComMod process and the common points that emerge from it. The objective is to describe in order to understand better, with no normative intention.","container-title":"Companion Modelling: A Participatory Approach to Support Sustainable Development","event-place":"Dordrecht","ISBN":"978-94-017-8557-0","language":"en","note":"DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-8557-0_2","page":"13-40","publisher":"Springer Netherlands","publisher-place":"Dordrecht","source":"Springer Link","title":"Companion Modelling: A Method of Adaptive and Participatory Research","title-short":"Companion Modelling","URL":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8557-0_2","author":[{"family":"Barreteau","given":"Olivier"},{"family":"Bousquet","given":"François"},{"family":"Étienne","given":"Michel"},{"family":"Souchère","given":"Véronique"},{"family":"Aquino","given":"Patrick","non-dropping-particle":"d’"}],"editor":[{"family":"Étienne","given":"Michel"}],"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",3,31]]},"issued":{"date-parts":[["2014"]]},"citation-key":"barreteauCompanionModellingMethod2014"}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Barreteau et al., 2014). Un recurso metodológico que es recurrente y que soporta el modelamiento de acompañamiento (MDA) es el de los modelos basados en agentes (MBA). Los MBA permiten simular explícitamente las interacciones entre diferentes agentes y su ambiente  ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"trReAaZ5","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Railsback & Grimm, 2019)","plainCitation":"(Railsback & Grimm, 2019)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":7497,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/10778259/items/2CGKM92C"],"itemData":{"id":7497,"type":"book","abstract":"The essential textbook on agent-based modeling—now fully updated and expandedAgent-Based and Individual-Based Modeling has become the standard textbook on the subject for classroom use and self-instruction. Drawing on the latest version of NetLogo and fully updated with new examples, exercises, and an enhanced text for easier comprehension, this is the essential resource for anyone seeking to understand how the dynamics of biological, social, and other complex systems arise from the characteristics of the agents that make up these systems.Steven Railsback and Volker Grimm lead students stepwise through the processes of designing, programming, documenting, and doing scientific research with agent-based models, focusing on the adaptive behaviors that make these models necessary. They cover the fundamentals of modeling and model analysis, introduce key modeling concepts, and demonstrate how to implement them using NetLogo. They also address pattern-oriented modeling, an invaluable strategy for modeling real-world problems and developing theory.This accessible and authoritative book focuses on modeling as a tool for understanding real complex systems. It explains how to pose a specific question, use observations from actual systems to design models, write and test software, and more.A hands-on introduction that guides students from conceptual design to computer implementation to analysisFilled with new examples and exercises and compatible with the latest version of NetLogoIdeal for students and researchers across the natural and social sciencesWritten by two leading practitionersSupported by extensive instructional materials at www.railsback-grimm-abm-book.com","ISBN":"978-0-691-19004-4","language":"en","note":"Google-Books-ID: Zrh2DwAAQBAJ","number-of-pages":"359","publisher":"Princeton University Press","source":"Google Books","title":"Agent-Based and Individual-Based Modeling: A Practical Introduction, Second Edition","title-short":"Agent-Based and Individual-Based Modeling","author":[{"family":"Railsback","given":"Steven F."},{"family":"Grimm","given":"Volker"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2019",3,26]]},"citation-key":"railsbackAgentBasedIndividualBasedModeling2019"}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Railsback & Grimm, 2019), y entender patrones y procesos emergentes  ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"2I1PcMpC","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Martin & Schl\\uc0\\u252{}ter, 2015)","plainCitation":"(Martin & Schlüter, 2015)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":7169,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/10778259/items/HMU66VWY"],"itemData":{"id":7169,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"Modeling social-ecological interactions between humans and ecosystems to analyze their implications for sustainable management of social-ecological systems (SES) has multiple challenges. When integrating social and ecological dynamics, which are often studied separately, one has to deal with different modeling paradigms, levels of analysis, temporal and spatial scales and data availabilities in the social and ecological domains. A major challenge, for instance, is linking the emergent patterns from individual micro-level human decisions to system level processes such as reinforcing feedbacks determining the state of the ecosystem. We propose building a hybrid model that combines a system dynamics with an agent-based approach to address some of these challenges. In particular, we present a procedure for model development and analysis that successively builds up complexity and understanding of model dynamics, particular with respect to feedbacks between the social and ecological system components. The proposed steps allow for a systematic increase of the coupling between the submodels and building confidence in the model before deploying it to study the coupled dynamics. The procedure consists of steps for i) specifying the characteristics of the link between the social and ecological systems, ii) validating the decoupled submodels, iii) doing sensitivity analysis of the decoupled submodels with respect to the drivers from the respective other subsystem and, finally iii) analyzing the coupled model. We illustrate the procedure and discuss opportunities and limitations of hybrid models against the background of an archetypical SES case study, namely the restoration of a turbid lake. Our approach exemplifies how a hybrid model is used to unpack SES complexity and analyze interactions between ecological dynamics and micro-level human actions. We discuss the benefits and challenges of combining a system dynamics models as an aggregated view with an agent-based model as a disaggregated view to improve social-ecological system understanding.","container-title":"Frontiers in Environmental Science","DOI":"10.3389/fenvs.2015.00066","ISSN":"2296-665X","journalAbbreviation":"Front. Environ. Sci.","language":"English","note":"publisher: Frontiers","source":"Frontiers","title":"Combining system dynamics and agent-based modeling to analyze social-ecological interactions—an example from modeling restoration of a shallow lake","URL":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2015.00066","volume":"3","author":[{"family":"Martin","given":"Romina"},{"family":"Schlüter","given":"Maja"}],"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",3,20]]},"issued":{"date-parts":[["2015",10,13]]},"citation-key":"martinCombiningSystemDynamics2015"}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Martin & Schlüter, 2015). En el contexto del estudio de sistemas socioecológicos, los modelos basados en agentes sirven tres propósitos específicos: (1) explorar la emergencia de resultados socioecológicos que sirven para entender cómo cambia un sistema socioecológico en el tiempo, (2) evaluar el impacto de nuevas políticas o disturbios, advirtiendo consecuencias potenciales inesperadas, (3) facilitar procesos participativos que mejoren la comprensión de problemas y que favorezcan la resolución colaborativa de problemas  ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"UVDN20vb","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Schl\\uc0\\u252{}ter et\\uc0\\u160{}al., 2021)","plainCitation":"(Schlüter et al., 2021)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":7499,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/10778259/items/I8LT9MXH"],"itemData":{"id":7499,"type":"chapter","abstract":"Chapter 33 synthesises the methods presented in Part 2 (Chapters 5–32) of the book, maps the current landscape of SES methods and assesses their ability to address different systemic features of social-ecological systems (SES). It engages in a reflection of common challenges researchers face when applying methods that often stem from specific disciplinary backgrounds to complex and intertwined SES. The chapter concludes with discussing SES research frontiers and emerging novel methods and method combinations.","container-title":"The Routledge Handbook of Research Methods for Social-Ecological Systems","ISBN":"978-1-00-302133-9","note":"number-of-pages: 27","publisher":"Routledge","title":"Synthesis and emerging frontiers in social-ecological systems research methods","author":[{"family":"Schlüter","given":"Maja"},{"family":"Biggs","given":"Reinette"},{"family":"Clements","given":"Hayley"},{"family":"Vos","given":"Alta","dropping-particle":"de"},{"family":"Maciejewski","given":"Kristine"},{"family":"Preiser","given":"Rika"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2021"]]},"citation-key":"schluterSynthesisEmergingFrontiers2021"}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Schlüter et al., 2021). Dado que los modelos basados en agentes pueden simular decisiones individuales e interacciones en respuesta a cambios ambientales y sociales, resultan de gran utilidad para advertir patrones que puedan estar relacionados con la emergencia de trampas socioecológicas, como las que podrían resultar de las decisiones de los productores en un paisaje agrícola intensificado. Desde mediados de 1960, los paisajes productivos del municipio de Aquitania en Boyacá (Colombia), en la cuenca del Lago de Tota, han experimentado un proceso de transición entre la producción de subsistencia y el monocultivo de cebolla larga (Allium fistolosum)  ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"pMbWTw3J","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Raymond, 1990)","plainCitation":"(Raymond, 1990)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":7501,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/10778259/items/KBHIDYX2"],"itemData":{"id":7501,"type":"book","language":"es","number-of-pages":"206","publisher":"Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Administrativas","source":"Google Books","title":"El Lago de Tota ahogado en cebolla: estudio socioeconómico de la cuenca cebollera del Lago de Tota","title-short":"El Lago de Tota ahogado en cebolla","author":[{"family":"Raymond","given":"Pierre"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["1990"]]},"citation-key":"raymondLagoTotaAhogado1990"}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Raymond, 1990). Hoy en día, Aquitania es el municipio que concentra la mayor producción de cebolla larga en el país, con cerca de 100.750 toneladas por año en un área de aproximadas 3.800 hectáreas  ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"ErKIyc6y","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Kockelkoren et\\uc0\\u160{}al., 2023)","plainCitation":"(Kockelkoren et al., 2023)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":7460,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/10778259/items/HELW9JMY"],"itemData":{"id":7460,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"Intensification of agricultural land use in traditional Andean production landscapes has led to changes in the provision of nature’s contributions to people (NCP) that can threaten people’s wellbeing. Understanding local stakeholders’ valuation of these NCP is crucial for improving land use decisions. We implemented a spatially explicit and participatory NCP valuation method, using semi-structured interviews and participatory mapping, followed by a spatial multi-criteria decision analysis, to identify priority areas for NCP provision in a highly intensified production landscape in the Colombian Andes. We considered multiple value types, ecological, economical and sociocultural, and the points of view of different actors, orienting this towards decision-making on land use. Our results show that local actors can identify and value a wide range of NCP. However, there are also significant differences between actors. Environmentalists attached special importance to regulating NCP, while agricultural laborers focused more on agriculture-related material NCP. As we expected, tourism entrepreneurs especially valued non-material NCP related to their business experiences. Small-scale farmers tended to put more importance on regulating and non-material NCP than big farmers did. Although there was a consensus between actors as to the importance of natural ecosystems for NCP provision, agricultural actors tended to attach more importance to material NCP in areas deemed important for regulating and non-material NCP by other actors. Our main results confirm the importance of involving different stakeholders in spatial NCP valuation exercises, recognizing their different points of view to help identify possible trade-offs and synergies related to land use.","container-title":"Ecosystems and People","DOI":"10.1080/26395916.2023.2279584","ISSN":"2639-5908","issue":"1","note":"publisher: Taylor & Francis\n_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/26395916.2023.2279584","page":"2279584","source":"Taylor and Francis+NEJM","title":"Participatory mapping of local stakeholders’ perceptions of nature’s contributions to people in an intensified agricultural area in the Colombian Andes","volume":"19","author":[{"family":"Kockelkoren","given":"Robert"},{"family":"Bermudez-Urdaneta","given":"Martin"},{"family":"Restrepo Calle","given":"Sebastián"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2023",12,31]]},"citation-key":"kockelkorenParticipatoryMappingLocal2023"}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Kockelkoren et al., 2023). A pesar de que el monocultivo de cebolla ha generado beneficios tangibles en la economía local y el empleo de la población, su intensificación en las últimas décadas ha derivado importantes problemas ambientales, entre los que se encuentran el desplazamiento de actividades productivas diferentes al cultivo de cebolla hacia el ecosistema de páramo, la contaminación de cuerpos de agua por fertilizantes y pesticidas, y el agotamiento de los suelos  ADDIN ZOTERO_ITEM CSL_CITATION {"citationID":"ObsEEIGX","properties":{"formattedCitation":"(Mojica & Guerrero, 2013)","plainCitation":"(Mojica & Guerrero, 2013)","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":7505,"uris":["http://zotero.org/users/10778259/items/2WRHXMKS"],"itemData":{"id":7505,"type":"article-journal","container-title":"Revista Colombiana de Química","ISSN":"0120-2804","issue":"2","language":"es","page":"29-38","source":"SciELO","title":"Evaluación del movimiento de plaguicidas hacia la cuenca del lago de tota, Colombia","volume":"42","author":[{"family":"Mojica","given":"Andrea"},{"family":"Guerrero","given":"Jairo A."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2013",5]]},"citation-key":"mojicaEvaluacionMovimientoPlaguicidas2013"}}],"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"} (Mojica & Guerrero, 2013). La intensificación de la producción de cebolla en Aquitania ha alterado la oferta de servicios ecosistémicos esenciales para la agricultura y el bienestar, generando desigualdades sociales entre los productores debido a los altos costos que supone adaptarse a las dinámicas del mercado, la degradación del suelo, los problemas fitosanitarios y el acceso al agua. El refuerzo entre el aumento en la productividad y la degradación de los factores de los que depende una buena cosecha, configura una trampa socioecológica en el paisaje cebollero del Lago de Tota. En dicha trampa, pequeños y medianos productores pierden acceso a los medios que les permiten mantener su producción, generando el abandono de los predios o su alquiler, asunto que profundiza su vulnerabilidad social y explica la dificultad de que estos vuelvan a cultivar en sus predios. A escala de paisaje, esta trampa está provocando cambios drásticos en los patrones de cultivo, las prácticas productivas y la tenencia de la tierra. En el largo plazo, esta trampa no solo pone en cuestión la viabilidad de la agricultura familiar campesina cebollera, sino que advierte posibles colapsos en la economía productiva de Aquitania y en la configuración de sus paisajes. Para entender y reconocer colectivamente los procesos socioecológicos que subyacen a la intensificación agrícola del paisaje cebollero del Lago de Tota y sus potenciales resultados a escala del paisaje, se requiere de aproximaciones metodológicas que permitan dar cuenta de la complejidad que atañe a las diversas interacciones entre los productores y el paisaje. Este estudio propone el desarrollo de modelos de acompañamiento (MDA) y modelos basados en agentes (MBA) para explorar participativamente escenarios futuros enfocados superar los entrampamientos socioecológicos y transitar colectivamente hacia la sostenibilidad del paisaje productivo intensificado.