Using Routinely Collected Health Data to Estimate the Prevalence of Alzheimer's Disease and Potentially Modifiable Risk Factors in Colombia

Objective: With an increasing prevalence, Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. However, a percentage of potentially modifiable cases have been reported. This article describes the prevalence of four of these potentially modifiable risk factors: hearing loss, diabetes mellitus (DM), obesity, and hypertension. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study with data from 2018 to 2022, using the Colombian health system database SISPRO. The population of this study consisted of all people within the age range 50–100 with a main diagnosis of AD according to the ICD-10 codes. Subjects were divided by decades, and the prevalence ratio (PR) for the outcome of AD and each of its potentially modifiable risk factors was then calculated and adjusted by age using the Mantel-Haenszel formula. Results: 167,556 cases of AD were identified, with 66.4% being females. Peak age was in octogenarians, and the five-years period prevalence for people older than 50 was 12.6 cases/1000 people. The PRs showed a positive association for all risk factors, except obesity. Following age correction, obesity's PR value shifted to positive in males and overall population but remained negative for females. The highest post-correction PR in the overall population was hypertension (1.44), followed by DM (1.34), hearing loss (1.31) and obesity (1.12). Notably, PRs had a greater magnitude in younger and male age groups. Conclusion: The results of this study are consistent with the fact that the prevalence of potentially modifiable risk factors is higher within the group of people with AD as their main diagnosis.