Phylogenetic relationships of pithecidae and temporal splits in reference to cebidae and atelidae by means of mitogenomics

We carried out a mitogenomic analysis of 41 Neotropical primate individuals belonging to 10 different taxa (Pithecia monachus monachus, P. m. milleri, Callicebus torquatus lugens, C. cupreus ornatus, Ateles hybridus, A. fusciceps, A. belzebuth, Aotus vociferans, A. lemurinus griseimembra, and A. nancymaae). Three main results were obtained. 1- Pitheciidae was the most basal family of the Platyrrhini monkeys, with Cebidae + Atelidae forming a more recent clade. 2- We estimated temporal splits throughout this mitogenomics analysis such as the diversification of the current Platyrrhini which began around 24.3 millions of years ago (MYA) with the split of the Pitheciidae. Also, there was a split between Cebidae and Atelidae around 22.01 MYA. The diversification within Pitheciidae occurred around 17.4 MYA, whereas the mitochondrial diversification within Callicebus and within Pithecia happened approximately 7.8 and 6.8 MYA, respectively. The split between Aotus vociferans and A. nancymaae began around 4.3 MYA and the mitochondrial diversification within Ateles was around 3.23 MYA; 3- The current results allowed us to make some inferences on the systematics of Pithecia, Aotus and Ateles.