Perceptions, barriers and facilitators for mental health care in the Andean and Amazon regions of Colombia

Introduction: Mental health is a construct shaped by sociocultural factors. In this context, the present article aims to highlight and understand perceptions of mental health in two distinct territories: one predominantly Indigenous (Leticia, Mitú) and the other Andean (Bogotá, Tunja). Additionally, it focuses on identifying the facilitators and barriers to implementing mental health services in primary care within these specific contexts. Methods: A qualitative methodology was employed, involving semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and systematic observations. The instruments were designed with three key stakeholders: patients, healthcare personnel, and administrative staff, from four medical centers in Bogotá, Leticia, Mitú, and Tunja. Participation from these stakeholders was voluntary, with a convenience sampling approach. Results: Perceptions of mental health among the participants were identified. Differences across stakeholders and regions were noted, which impact the understanding and access to mental health services, revealing barriers and facilitators for implementing context-appropriate interventions. Discussion: Understanding the construct of mental health and the factors that support its promotion allows for the adaptation of implementation strategies to specific contexts and individual experiences, thereby enhancing the relevance and sustainability of mental health programs.