One-year mortality and associated factors in patients undergoing surgery for hip fracture

Introduction: Hip fractures are very common injuries in elderly patients and are associated with increased mortality. Objective: To identify the factors associated with mortality in patients after one year of being operated for hip fracture in an Orthogeriatric Program. Methods: We design an observational analytical study in subjects older than 65 years admitted to the Hospital Universitario San Ignacio for hip fracture who were treated in the Orthogeriatrics Program. Telephone follow-up was performed one year after admission. Data were analyzed using a univariate logistic regression model and a multivariate logistic regression model was applied to control the effect of the other variables. Results: Mortality was 17.82%, functional impairment was 50.91%, and institutionalization was 13.9%. The factors associated with mortality were moderate dependence (OR = 3.56, 95% CI = 1.17–10.84, p = 0.025), malnutrition (OR = 3.42, 95% CI = 1.06–11.04, p = 0.039), in-hospital complications (OR = 2.80, 95% CI = 1.11–7.04, p = 0.028), and older age (OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.03–1.15, p = 0.002). The factor associated with functional impairment was a greater dependence at admission (OR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.02–4.10, p = 0.041), and with institutionalization was a lower Barthel index score at admission (OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.94–0.98, p = 0.001). Conclusions: Our results shows that the factors associated with mortality one year after hip fracture surgery were: moderate dependence, malnutrition, in-hospital complications and advanced age. Having previous functional dependence is directly related to greater functional loss and institutionalization.