On the use of herbarium specimens for morphological and anatomical research

Herbarium material is crucial to answer questions in plant systematics and evolution. However, the exploitation of pressed and dried biological material from herbarium specimen can be challenging. Although some protocols have been designed to analyze fresh and dried material indistinctly, dried material may require additional treatments before being further exploited. In this technical note, we present general or more particular methods of restoration and exploitation of herbarium material used for morphological and anatomical studies in order to solve alpha systematic problems and address theoretical plant morphology and anatomy.