Management of posterior cruciate ligament injuries: an expert consensus from 17 countries

Shuguang Gao; Jiahao Meng; Chao Zeng; Joan C. Monllau; Robert F. LaPrade; Timothy N. Taft; Jeffrey H. Berg; Michael J. Medvecky; Kevin R. Stone; Michael J. Scarcella; Frank A. Cordasco; Brian R. Wolf; Dustin L. Richter; Scott A. Rodeo; Timothy E. Hewett; Bruce A. Levy; James Lee Pace; Bobby Anand; Filippo Picinini; Riccardo D'Ambrosi; Luca Maria Sconfienza; Luca Farinelli; Bancha Chernchujit; Anders Stålman; Amit Gilad; Srinivas B.S. Kambhampati; Silvampatti Ramasamy Sundararajan; Abayo Remy Patrick; Juvenal Nshimirimana; Pisit Lertwanich; Michael Opoku; Thana Buranapuntaruk; Leonardo Addeo Ramos; Hoi Po James Hui; Terence D'Souza; Alberto Grassi; Mohammad Razi; Jaime Mariño; Manuel Mosquera; Johannes Barth; Dinshaw N. Pardiwala; Yusheng Li; Wenfeng Xiao; Yilin Xiong; Pan Liu; Liu Yang; Panghu Zhou; Yan Xu; Xizhuang Bai; Tengbo Yu; Chunbao Li; Licheng Wei; Liangjun Li; Juan Wang; Decheng Shao; Zhenpeng Guan; Xuesong Dai; Jingmin Huang; Jian Li; Weiping Li; Guangji Wang; Bing Yue; Zhizeng Gao; Lin Guo; Yinghui Hua; Meng Wu; Jing Wang; Xiaofei Zheng; Lunhao Bai; Jiwu Chen; Weihong Zhu; Qichun Zhao; Weiguo Zhang; Zhiwei Chen; Xiaochun Wei; Wei Lu; Ziquan Yang; Qingjun Wei; Liaobin Chen; Songcen Lv; Ning Liu; Yongsheng Xu; Yanlin Li; Xuesong Wang; Hui Zhang; Weidong Xu; Qing Jiang; Tianlong Huang; Jiakuo Yu; Jiang Zheng; Keyuan Zhang; Jianquan Wang; Guanghua Lei

doi:10.1097/JS9.0000000000002416

Management of posterior cruciate ligament injuries: an expert consensus from 17 countries

Shuguang Gao
, Jiahao Meng
, Chao Zeng
, Joan C. Monllau
, Robert F. LaPrade
, Timothy N. Taft
, Jeffrey H. Berg
, Michael J. Medvecky
, Kevin R. Stone
, Michael J. Scarcella
, Frank A. Cordasco
, Brian R. Wolf
, Dustin L. Richter
, Scott A. Rodeo
, Timothy E. Hewett
, Bruce A. Levy
, James Lee Pace
, Bobby Anand
, Filippo Picinini
, Riccardo D'Ambrosi

Luca Maria Sconfienza, Luca Farinelli, Bancha Chernchujit, Anders Stålman, Amit Gilad, Srinivas B.S. Kambhampati, Silvampatti Ramasamy Sundararajan, Abayo Remy Patrick, Juvenal Nshimirimana, Pisit Lertwanich, Michael Opoku, Thana Buranapuntaruk, Leonardo Addeo Ramos, Hoi Po James Hui, Terence D'Souza, Alberto Grassi, Mohammad Razi, Jaime Mariño, Manuel Mosquera, Johannes Barth, Dinshaw N. Pardiwala, Yusheng Li, Wenfeng Xiao, Yilin Xiong, Pan Liu, Liu Yang, Panghu Zhou, Yan Xu, Xizhuang Bai, Tengbo Yu, Chunbao Li, Licheng Wei, Liangjun Li, Juan Wang, Decheng Shao, Zhenpeng Guan, Xuesong Dai, Jingmin Huang, Jian Li, Weiping Li, Guangji Wang, Bing Yue, Zhizeng Gao, Lin Guo, Yinghui Hua, Meng Wu, Jing Wang, Xiaofei Zheng, Lunhao Bai, Jiwu Chen, Weihong Zhu, Qichun Zhao, Weiguo Zhang, Zhiwei Chen, Xiaochun Wei, Wei Lu, Ziquan Yang, Qingjun Wei, Liaobin Chen, Songcen Lv, Ning Liu, Yongsheng Xu, Yanlin Li, Xuesong Wang, Hui Zhang, Weidong Xu, Qing Jiang, Tianlong Huang, Jiakuo Yu, Jiang Zheng, Keyuan Zhang, Jianquan Wang, Guanghua Lei

Central South University
Autonomous University of Barcelona
Twin Cities Orthopedics
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Town Center Orthopaedic Associates
Yale University
Cleveland Clinic Foundation
Hospital for Special Surgery - New York
University of Iowa
University of New Mexico
Marshall University
Orlando Regional Medical Center
Children's Health-Andrews Institute
South West London Elective Orthopaedic Centre
St Mary's University, Twickenham
IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi - Milano
University of Milan
Università Politecnica delle Marche
Thammasat University
Karolinska Institutet
Assaf Harofeh Medical Center
Maternity & Gynaecology Center
Ganga Medical Center & Hospital
Mahidol University
Ejisu Municipality
Chaoprayayomraj Hospital
Universidade Federal de São Paulo
National University of Singapore
Ganga Medical Center & Hospital Pvt Ltd
IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli - Bologna
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Centre Ostéo Articulaire des Cèdres
Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital & Medical Research Institute
Chongqing University
Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University
Peking University
People's Hospital of Liaoning Province
Qingdao Hospital of University of Health and Rehabilitation Science (Qingdao Municipal Hospital)
General Hospital of People's Liberation Army
fourth hospital of Changsha
University of South China
Hebei Medical University
Zhejiang University School of Medicine
Tianjin University
Sichuan University
Sun Yat-Sen University
Hainan Provincial People's Hospital
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Nanchang University
Chongqing Medical University
Fudan University
Lanzhou University
Hunan Normal University
Jinan University
China Medical University
University of Science and Technology of China
Dalian Medical University
Shanxi Medical University
Southern Medical University Shenzhen Hospital
Guangxi Medical University
Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University
Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University
Zhengzhou Orthopaedic hospital
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital
First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University
Capital Medical University
Second Military Medical University
Nanjing University
Tsinghua University
Xi'an Jiaotong University
Xinjiang Medical University

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

5 Scopus citations

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injury is a relatively common musculoskeletal condition. However, there is currently a lack of consensus on decision-making, treatment and postoperative management for such injuries. OBJECTIVES: To use the modified Delphi method to reach expert consensus on the management of PCL injury. METHODS: A literature search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science for articles up to 17 October 2024, to support the development of recommendation statements. An Expert Panel of 90 experienced clinicians from orthopedics and sports medicine participated in a two-round Delphi process. Each statement was evaluated in two parts: the first part assessed content appropriateness (score of 7-9 indicating appropriateness and 4-6 indicating possible appropriateness), while the second part assessed agreement (score of 5-9 indicating agreement). RESULTS: The panel members developed 11 statements using the Delphi process, addressing the following topics: (1) clinical decision-making, (2) treatment, and (3) postoperative management about PCL injuries. The final consensus was reached on 11 statements and we eventually translated these statements into a corresponding table of expert recommendations. CONCLUSION: Consensus was reached on 11 statements regarding three aspects of PCL injury management. These findings provide a foundation for developing evidence-based guidelines that can enhance clinical decision-making, improve treatment strategies, and optimize postoperative care for patients with PCL injuries.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	4080-4085
Number of pages	6
Journal	International Journal of Surgery
Volume	111
Issue number	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1097/JS9.0000000000002416
State	Published - 01 Jun 2025

Keywords

consensus
diagnosis
posterior cruciate ligament
treatment

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10.1097/JS9.0000000000002416

Cite this

Gao, S., Meng, J., Zeng, C., Monllau, J. C., LaPrade, R. F., Taft, T. N., Berg, J. H., Medvecky, M. J., Stone, K. R., Scarcella, M. J., Cordasco, F. A., Wolf, B. R., Richter, D. L., Rodeo, S. A., Hewett, T. E., Levy, B. A., Pace, J. L., Anand, B., Picinini, F., ... Lei, G. (2025). Management of posterior cruciate ligament injuries: an expert consensus from 17 countries. International Journal of Surgery, 111(6), 4080-4085. https://doi.org/10.1097/JS9.0000000000002416

@article{d1e89a4fbf254f0797724f8be1a98c2a,

title = "Management of posterior cruciate ligament injuries: an expert consensus from 17 countries",

abstract = "BACKGROUND: Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injury is a relatively common musculoskeletal condition. However, there is currently a lack of consensus on decision-making, treatment and postoperative management for such injuries. OBJECTIVES: To use the modified Delphi method to reach expert consensus on the management of PCL injury. METHODS: A literature search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science for articles up to 17 October 2024, to support the development of recommendation statements. An Expert Panel of 90 experienced clinicians from orthopedics and sports medicine participated in a two-round Delphi process. Each statement was evaluated in two parts: the first part assessed content appropriateness (score of 7-9 indicating appropriateness and 4-6 indicating possible appropriateness), while the second part assessed agreement (score of 5-9 indicating agreement). RESULTS: The panel members developed 11 statements using the Delphi process, addressing the following topics: (1) clinical decision-making, (2) treatment, and (3) postoperative management about PCL injuries. The final consensus was reached on 11 statements and we eventually translated these statements into a corresponding table of expert recommendations. CONCLUSION: Consensus was reached on 11 statements regarding three aspects of PCL injury management. These findings provide a foundation for developing evidence-based guidelines that can enhance clinical decision-making, improve treatment strategies, and optimize postoperative care for patients with PCL injuries.",

keywords = "consensus, diagnosis, posterior cruciate ligament, treatment",

author = "Shuguang Gao and Jiahao Meng and Chao Zeng and Monllau, \{Joan C.\} and LaPrade, \{Robert F.\} and Taft, \{Timothy N.\} and Berg, \{Jeffrey H.\} and Medvecky, \{Michael J.\} and Stone, \{Kevin R.\} and Scarcella, \{Michael J.\} and Cordasco, \{Frank A.\} and Wolf, \{Brian R.\} and Richter, \{Dustin L.\} and Rodeo, \{Scott A.\} and Hewett, \{Timothy E.\} and Levy, \{Bruce A.\} and Pace, \{James Lee\} and Bobby Anand and Filippo Picinini and Riccardo D'Ambrosi and Sconfienza, \{Luca Maria\} and Luca Farinelli and Bancha Chernchujit and Anders St{\aa}lman and Amit Gilad and Kambhampati, \{Srinivas B.S.\} and Sundararajan, \{Silvampatti Ramasamy\} and Patrick, \{Abayo Remy\} and Juvenal Nshimirimana and Pisit Lertwanich and Michael Opoku and Thana Buranapuntaruk and Ramos, \{Leonardo Addeo\} and \{James Hui\}, \{Hoi Po\} and Terence D'Souza and Alberto Grassi and Mohammad Razi and Jaime Mari{\~n}o and Manuel Mosquera and Johannes Barth and Pardiwala, \{Dinshaw N.\} and Yusheng Li and Wenfeng Xiao and Yilin Xiong and Pan Liu and Liu Yang and Panghu Zhou and Yan Xu and Xizhuang Bai and Tengbo Yu and Chunbao Li and Licheng Wei and Liangjun Li and Juan Wang and Decheng Shao and Zhenpeng Guan and Xuesong Dai and Jingmin Huang and Jian Li and Weiping Li and Guangji Wang and Bing Yue and Zhizeng Gao and Lin Guo and Yinghui Hua and Meng Wu and Jing Wang and Xiaofei Zheng and Lunhao Bai and Jiwu Chen and Weihong Zhu and Qichun Zhao and Weiguo Zhang and Zhiwei Chen and Xiaochun Wei and Wei Lu and Ziquan Yang and Qingjun Wei and Liaobin Chen and Songcen Lv and Ning Liu and Yongsheng Xu and Yanlin Li and Xuesong Wang and Hui Zhang and Weidong Xu and Qing Jiang and Tianlong Huang and Jiakuo Yu and Jiang Zheng and Keyuan Zhang and Jianquan Wang and Guanghua Lei",

note = "Copyright {\textcopyright} 2025 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.",

year = "2025",

month = jun,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1097/JS9.0000000000002416",

language = "English",

volume = "111",

pages = "4080--4085",

journal = "International Journal of Surgery",

issn = "1743-9191",

publisher = "Wolters Kluwer Health Inc",

number = "6",

}

Gao, S, Meng, J, Zeng, C, Monllau, JC, LaPrade, RF, Taft, TN, Berg, JH, Medvecky, MJ, Stone, KR, Scarcella, MJ, Cordasco, FA, Wolf, BR, Richter, DL, Rodeo, SA, Hewett, TE, Levy, BA, Pace, JL, Anand, B, Picinini, F, D'Ambrosi, R, Sconfienza, LM, Farinelli, L, Chernchujit, B, Stålman, A, Gilad, A, Kambhampati, SBS, Sundararajan, SR, Patrick, AR, Nshimirimana, J, Lertwanich, P, Opoku, M, Buranapuntaruk, T, Ramos, LA, James Hui, HP, D'Souza, T, Grassi, A, Razi, M, Mariño, J, Mosquera, M, Barth, J, Pardiwala, DN, Li, Y, Xiao, W, Xiong, Y, Liu, P, Yang, L, Zhou, P, Xu, Y, Bai, X, Yu, T, Li, C, Wei, L, Li, L, Wang, J, Shao, D, Guan, Z, Dai, X, Huang, J, Li, J, Li, W, Wang, G, Yue, B, Gao, Z, Guo, L, Hua, Y, Wu, M, Wang, J, Zheng, X, Bai, L, Chen, J, Zhu, W, Zhao, Q, Zhang, W, Chen, Z, Wei, X, Lu, W, Yang, Z, Wei, Q, Chen, L, Lv, S, Liu, N, Xu, Y, Li, Y, Wang, X, Zhang, H, Xu, W, Jiang, Q, Huang, T, Yu, J, Zheng, J, Zhang, K, Wang, J & Lei, G 2025, 'Management of posterior cruciate ligament injuries: an expert consensus from 17 countries', International Journal of Surgery, vol. 111, no. 6, pp. 4080-4085. https://doi.org/10.1097/JS9.0000000000002416

TY - JOUR

T1 - Management of posterior cruciate ligament injuries

T2 - an expert consensus from 17 countries

AU - Gao, Shuguang

AU - Meng, Jiahao

AU - Zeng, Chao

AU - Monllau, Joan C.

AU - LaPrade, Robert F.

AU - Taft, Timothy N.

AU - Berg, Jeffrey H.

AU - Medvecky, Michael J.

AU - Stone, Kevin R.

AU - Scarcella, Michael J.

AU - Cordasco, Frank A.

AU - Wolf, Brian R.

AU - Richter, Dustin L.

AU - Rodeo, Scott A.

AU - Hewett, Timothy E.

AU - Levy, Bruce A.

AU - Pace, James Lee

AU - Anand, Bobby

AU - Picinini, Filippo

AU - D'Ambrosi, Riccardo

AU - Sconfienza, Luca Maria

AU - Farinelli, Luca

AU - Chernchujit, Bancha

AU - Stålman, Anders

AU - Gilad, Amit

AU - Kambhampati, Srinivas B.S.

AU - Sundararajan, Silvampatti Ramasamy

AU - Patrick, Abayo Remy

AU - Nshimirimana, Juvenal

AU - Lertwanich, Pisit

AU - Opoku, Michael

AU - Buranapuntaruk, Thana

AU - Ramos, Leonardo Addeo

AU - James Hui, Hoi Po

AU - D'Souza, Terence

AU - Grassi, Alberto

AU - Razi, Mohammad

AU - Mariño, Jaime

AU - Mosquera, Manuel

AU - Barth, Johannes

AU - Pardiwala, Dinshaw N.

AU - Li, Yusheng

AU - Xiao, Wenfeng

AU - Xiong, Yilin

AU - Liu, Pan

AU - Yang, Liu

AU - Zhou, Panghu

AU - Xu, Yan

AU - Bai, Xizhuang

AU - Yu, Tengbo

AU - Li, Chunbao

AU - Wei, Licheng

AU - Li, Liangjun

AU - Wang, Juan

AU - Shao, Decheng

AU - Guan, Zhenpeng

AU - Dai, Xuesong

AU - Huang, Jingmin

AU - Li, Jian

AU - Li, Weiping

AU - Wang, Guangji

AU - Yue, Bing

AU - Gao, Zhizeng

AU - Guo, Lin

AU - Hua, Yinghui

AU - Wu, Meng

AU - Wang, Jing

AU - Zheng, Xiaofei

AU - Bai, Lunhao

AU - Chen, Jiwu

AU - Zhu, Weihong

AU - Zhao, Qichun

AU - Zhang, Weiguo

AU - Chen, Zhiwei

AU - Wei, Xiaochun

AU - Lu, Wei

AU - Yang, Ziquan

AU - Wei, Qingjun

AU - Chen, Liaobin

AU - Lv, Songcen

AU - Liu, Ning

AU - Xu, Yongsheng

AU - Li, Yanlin

AU - Wang, Xuesong

AU - Zhang, Hui

AU - Xu, Weidong

AU - Jiang, Qing

AU - Huang, Tianlong

AU - Yu, Jiakuo

AU - Zheng, Jiang

AU - Zhang, Keyuan

AU - Wang, Jianquan

AU - Lei, Guanghua

PY - 2025/6/1

Y1 - 2025/6/1

N2 - BACKGROUND: Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injury is a relatively common musculoskeletal condition. However, there is currently a lack of consensus on decision-making, treatment and postoperative management for such injuries. OBJECTIVES: To use the modified Delphi method to reach expert consensus on the management of PCL injury. METHODS: A literature search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science for articles up to 17 October 2024, to support the development of recommendation statements. An Expert Panel of 90 experienced clinicians from orthopedics and sports medicine participated in a two-round Delphi process. Each statement was evaluated in two parts: the first part assessed content appropriateness (score of 7-9 indicating appropriateness and 4-6 indicating possible appropriateness), while the second part assessed agreement (score of 5-9 indicating agreement). RESULTS: The panel members developed 11 statements using the Delphi process, addressing the following topics: (1) clinical decision-making, (2) treatment, and (3) postoperative management about PCL injuries. The final consensus was reached on 11 statements and we eventually translated these statements into a corresponding table of expert recommendations. CONCLUSION: Consensus was reached on 11 statements regarding three aspects of PCL injury management. These findings provide a foundation for developing evidence-based guidelines that can enhance clinical decision-making, improve treatment strategies, and optimize postoperative care for patients with PCL injuries.

AB - BACKGROUND: Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injury is a relatively common musculoskeletal condition. However, there is currently a lack of consensus on decision-making, treatment and postoperative management for such injuries. OBJECTIVES: To use the modified Delphi method to reach expert consensus on the management of PCL injury. METHODS: A literature search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science for articles up to 17 October 2024, to support the development of recommendation statements. An Expert Panel of 90 experienced clinicians from orthopedics and sports medicine participated in a two-round Delphi process. Each statement was evaluated in two parts: the first part assessed content appropriateness (score of 7-9 indicating appropriateness and 4-6 indicating possible appropriateness), while the second part assessed agreement (score of 5-9 indicating agreement). RESULTS: The panel members developed 11 statements using the Delphi process, addressing the following topics: (1) clinical decision-making, (2) treatment, and (3) postoperative management about PCL injuries. The final consensus was reached on 11 statements and we eventually translated these statements into a corresponding table of expert recommendations. CONCLUSION: Consensus was reached on 11 statements regarding three aspects of PCL injury management. These findings provide a foundation for developing evidence-based guidelines that can enhance clinical decision-making, improve treatment strategies, and optimize postoperative care for patients with PCL injuries.

KW - consensus

KW - diagnosis

KW - posterior cruciate ligament

KW - treatment

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105008834305

U2 - 10.1097/JS9.0000000000002416

DO - 10.1097/JS9.0000000000002416

M3 - Article

C2 - 40277372

AN - SCOPUS:105008834305

SN - 1743-9191

VL - 111

SP - 4080

EP - 4085

JO - International Journal of Surgery

JF - International Journal of Surgery

IS - 6

ER -

Management of posterior cruciate ligament injuries: an expert consensus from 17 countries

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