TY - JOUR
T1 - How prices and income influence global patterns in saturated fat intake by age, sex and world region
T2 - a cross-sectional analysis of 160 countries
AU - Global Dietary Database
AU - Ahles, Amelia
AU - Muhammad, Andrew
AU - Yenerall, Jacqueline N.
AU - Reedy, Julia
AU - Shi, Peilin
AU - Zhang, Jianyi
AU - Cudhea, Frederick
AU - Erndt-Marino, Josh
AU - Miller, Victoria
AU - Mozaffarian, Dariush
AU - Abbott, Pamela
AU - Abdollahi, Morteza
AU - Abedi, Parvin
AU - Abumweis, Suhad
AU - Adair, Linda
AU - Nsour, Mohannad Al
AU - Alam, Iftikhar
AU - Al-Daghri, Nasser
AU - Sabico, Shaun
AU - Alhamad, Nawal Ai
AU - Al-Hooti, Suad
AU - Alissa, Eman
AU - Al-Zenki, Sameer
AU - Anderson, Simon
AU - Anzid, Karim
AU - Arambepola, Carukshi
AU - Arici, Mustafa
AU - Arsenault, Joanne
AU - Asciak, Renzo
AU - Biró, Lajos
AU - Barengo, Noël
AU - Barquera, Simon
AU - Dommarco, Juan Rivera
AU - Illescas-Zarate, Daniel
AU - Sánchez-Romero, Luz Maria
AU - Ramirez, Sonia Rodriguez
AU - Silva, Ivonne Ramirez
AU - Bas, Murat
AU - Becker, Wulf
AU - Beer-Borst, Sigrid
AU - Bergman, Per
AU - Lindroos, Anna Karin
AU - Sipinen, Jessica Petrelius
AU - Moraeus, Lotta
AU - Boindala, Sesikeran
AU - Bovet, Pascal
AU - Bradshaw, Debbie
AU - Bundhamcharoen, Kanitta
AU - Caballero, Mauricio T.
AU - Suarez-Ortegon, Milton Fabian
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 BMJ Publishing Group. All rights reserved.
PY - 2024/1/22
Y1 - 2024/1/22
N2 - Objective When considering proposals to improve diets, it is important to understand how factors like price and income can affect saturated fat (SF) intake and demand. In this study, we examine and estimate the influence of price and income on intake across 160 countries, by age and sex, and derive sensitivity measures (price elasticities) that vary by age, sex and world region. Design We econometrically estimate intake responsiveness to income and prices across countries, accounting for differences by world region, age and sex. Intake data by age, sex and country were obtained from the 2018 Global Dietary Database. These data were then linked to global price data for select food groups from the World Bank International Comparison Programme and income data from the World Development Indicators Databank (World Bank). Results Intake differences due to price were highly significant, with a 1% increase in price associated with a lower SF intake (% energy/d) of about 4.3 percentage points. We also find significant differences across regions. In high-income countries, median (age 40) intake reductions were 1.4, 0.8 and 0.2 percentage points, given a 1% increase in the price of meat, dairy, and oils and fats, respectively. Price elasticities varied with age but not sex. Intake differences due to income were insignificant when regional binary variables were included in the analysis. Conclusion The results of this study show heterogeneous associations among prices and intake within and across countries. Policymakers should consider these heterogeneous effects as they address global nutrition and health challenges.
AB - Objective When considering proposals to improve diets, it is important to understand how factors like price and income can affect saturated fat (SF) intake and demand. In this study, we examine and estimate the influence of price and income on intake across 160 countries, by age and sex, and derive sensitivity measures (price elasticities) that vary by age, sex and world region. Design We econometrically estimate intake responsiveness to income and prices across countries, accounting for differences by world region, age and sex. Intake data by age, sex and country were obtained from the 2018 Global Dietary Database. These data were then linked to global price data for select food groups from the World Bank International Comparison Programme and income data from the World Development Indicators Databank (World Bank). Results Intake differences due to price were highly significant, with a 1% increase in price associated with a lower SF intake (% energy/d) of about 4.3 percentage points. We also find significant differences across regions. In high-income countries, median (age 40) intake reductions were 1.4, 0.8 and 0.2 percentage points, given a 1% increase in the price of meat, dairy, and oils and fats, respectively. Price elasticities varied with age but not sex. Intake differences due to income were insignificant when regional binary variables were included in the analysis. Conclusion The results of this study show heterogeneous associations among prices and intake within and across countries. Policymakers should consider these heterogeneous effects as they address global nutrition and health challenges.
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85183283906
U2 - 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074562
DO - 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-074562
M3 - Article
C2 - 38253455
AN - SCOPUS:85183283906
SN - 2044-6055
VL - 14
JO - BMJ Open
JF - BMJ Open
IS - 1
M1 - e074562
ER -