TY - JOUR
T1 - High levels of diversity uncovered in a widespread nominal taxon
T2 - Continental phylogeography of the neotropical tree frog dendropsophus minutus
AU - Gehara, Marcelo
AU - Crawford, Andrew J.
AU - Orrico, Victor G.D.
AU - Rodríguez, Ariel
AU - Lötters, Stefan
AU - Fouquet, Antoine
AU - Barrientos, Lucas S.
AU - Brusquetti, Francisco
AU - De La Riva, Ignacio
AU - Ernst, Raffael
AU - Urrutia, Giuseppe Gagliardi
AU - Glaw, Frank
AU - Guayasamin, Juan M.
AU - Hölting, Monique
AU - Jansen, Martin
AU - Kok, Philippe J.R.
AU - Kwet, Axel
AU - Lingnau, Rodrigo
AU - Lyra, Mariana
AU - Moravec, Jiří
AU - Pombal, José P.
AU - Rojas-Runjaic, Fernando J.M.
AU - Schulze, Arne
AU - Señaris, J. Celsa
AU - Solé, Mirco
AU - Rodrigues, Miguel Trefaut
AU - Twomey, Evan
AU - Haddad, Celio F.B.
AU - Vences, Miguel
AU - Köhler, Jörn
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2014 Gehara et al.
PY - 2014/9/10
Y1 - 2014/9/10
N2 - Species distributed across vast continental areas and across major biomes provide unique model systems for studies of biotic diversification, yet also constitute daunting financial, logistic and political challenges for data collection across such regions. The tree frog Dendropsophus minutus (Anura: Hylidae) is a nominal species, continentally distributed in South America, that may represent a complex of multiple species, each with a more limited distribution. To understand the spatial pattern of molecular diversity throughout the range of this species complex, we obtained DNA sequence data from two mitochondrial genes, cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and the 16S rhibosomal gene (16S) for 407 samples of D. minutus and closely related species distributed across eleven countries, effectively comprising the entire range of the group. We performed phylogenetic and spatially explicit phylogeographic analyses to assess the genetic structure of lineages and infer ancestral areas. We found 43 statistically supported, deep mitochondrial lineages, several of which may represent currently unrecognized distinct species. One major clade, containing 25 divergent lineages, includes samples from the type locality of D. minutus. We defined that clade as the D. minutus complex. The remaining lineages together with the D. minutus complex constitute the D. minutus species group. Historical analyses support an Amazonian origin for the D. minutus species group with a subsequent dispersal to eastern Brazil where the D. minutus complex originated. According to our dataset, a total of eight mtDNA lineages have ranges >100,000 km2. One of them occupies an area of almost one million km2 encompassing multiple biomes. Our results, at a spatial scale and resolution unprecedented for a Neotropical vertebrate, confirm that widespread amphibian species occur in lowland South America, yet at the same time a large proportion of cryptic diversity still remains to be discovered.
AB - Species distributed across vast continental areas and across major biomes provide unique model systems for studies of biotic diversification, yet also constitute daunting financial, logistic and political challenges for data collection across such regions. The tree frog Dendropsophus minutus (Anura: Hylidae) is a nominal species, continentally distributed in South America, that may represent a complex of multiple species, each with a more limited distribution. To understand the spatial pattern of molecular diversity throughout the range of this species complex, we obtained DNA sequence data from two mitochondrial genes, cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and the 16S rhibosomal gene (16S) for 407 samples of D. minutus and closely related species distributed across eleven countries, effectively comprising the entire range of the group. We performed phylogenetic and spatially explicit phylogeographic analyses to assess the genetic structure of lineages and infer ancestral areas. We found 43 statistically supported, deep mitochondrial lineages, several of which may represent currently unrecognized distinct species. One major clade, containing 25 divergent lineages, includes samples from the type locality of D. minutus. We defined that clade as the D. minutus complex. The remaining lineages together with the D. minutus complex constitute the D. minutus species group. Historical analyses support an Amazonian origin for the D. minutus species group with a subsequent dispersal to eastern Brazil where the D. minutus complex originated. According to our dataset, a total of eight mtDNA lineages have ranges >100,000 km2. One of them occupies an area of almost one million km2 encompassing multiple biomes. Our results, at a spatial scale and resolution unprecedented for a Neotropical vertebrate, confirm that widespread amphibian species occur in lowland South America, yet at the same time a large proportion of cryptic diversity still remains to be discovered.
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/84908450775
U2 - 10.1371/journal.pone.0103958
DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0103958
M3 - Article
C2 - 25208078
AN - SCOPUS:84908450775
SN - 1932-6203
VL - 9
JO - PLoS ONE
JF - PLoS ONE
IS - 9
M1 - e103958
ER -