Frecuencia de la colonización por Pneumocystis jirovecii en pacientes con Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica en Bogotá, Colombia

Pneumocystis jirovecii colonization has been proposed as the explanation for lung function decline in patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). The colonization frequency due to Pneumocystis jirovecii in this group of patients was yet unknown in Colombia.
Objective:
To document the frequency of colonization in patients over 40 years old with COPD diagnosis. The study excludes patients who require immunosuppressive treatment and who are infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Materials and
methods:
A cross-sectional study was held, using non-probabilistic convenience sampling with continuous patient selection. Real time PCR (rt-PCR) of P. jirovecii was performed in an induced sputum sample, the fragment of 244 base pairs from the major surface glycoprotein gene of the fungus was amplified using the LighMix Kit (Roche®-Switzerland).
Results:
From the sample of 52 patients, we found a frequency of colonization of 15.4%. All colonized patients were over 65 years old with high symptomatology levels according to the modified Medical Research Council scale (MRCm), and the COPD Evaluation Test (CAT). Most of the colonized patients were classified as GOLD D (63%), as rated by the Global Initiative for COPD.
Conclusions:
The colonization frequency due to P. jirovecii in COPD patients detected by rt-PCR in induced sputum was 15.4%. This is the first study to assess the frequency of P. jirovecii colonization in Colombia.