Factores que afectan la estabilidad de los implantes dentales según la medición del coeficiente de estabilidad del implante (ISQ). Una revisión sistemática de la literatura

Background: Dental implants stability placed on the alveolar ridge is considered an important factor to evaluate the treatment success and its osseointegration. Factors that seem to affect the stability are: bone density, implant macro/micro design, surgical protocol, loading and sex. These factors may be evaluated by the measurement of resonance frequency analysis (RFA) resulting as the Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ). Objective: To review the literature on the factors that can affect the stability of dental implants considering the ISQ values measured with the Osstell device. Materials and methods: A systematic search of the literature was carried out in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO, Science direct y Cochrane of articles published between January 2015 and December 2021. Randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews and metanalysis were selected based on the Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews. A total of 26 articles were selected and analyzed based on our inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: In the 26 articles selected, 3047 implants were evaluated placed in 1367 patients. The most studied factors were: bone density, implant macro design, implant micro design, surgical technique, implant loading and genre. Bone density is the factor that influence the most when studying primary stability. For secondary stability, implant micro design has a direct relationship according to resonance frequency analysis (RFA). Conclusions: Primary and secondary stability depends on many factors. It is important to individualize each patient and evaluate each factor for decision making based on evidence and have a more predictable outcome when placing dental implants.