Factores asociados al desarrollo de polineuropatía, miopatía y polineuromiopatía en pacientes adultos críticos

Introduction. Polyneuropathy, myopathy, and polyneuromyopathy are debilitating conditions that affect critically ill patients. However, little is known about the factors related to these outcomes in patients hospitalized in intensive care units (ICUs) and with prolonged hospitalization in the Colombian clinical context.Objective. To assess the factors associated with the development of polyneuropathy, myopathy and polyneuromyopathy in critically ill patients with prolonged hospitalization.Methods. Analytical, observational, matched case-control study conducted in 192 patients (64 cases and 128 controls) treated at a tertiary care clinic in Cali, Colombia. Different risk factors such as multi-organ failure, sepsis, malnutrition, parenteral nutrition, use of corticosteroids, use of muscle relaxants, among others, were analyzed. We assessed whether the length of stay in the ICU is a modifier of the effect of the relationship between these factors and the outcomes. Results. It was found that multiorgan failure (OR: 6.32, 95%CI: 2.15-18.58), malnutrition (OR: 2.25, 95%CI: 1.01-5.0) and the use of muscle relaxants (OR: 2.68, 95%CI: 1.04-6.87) were associated with the development of polyneuropathy and myopathy. Likewise, it was observed that the association between multi-organ failure and these conditions was affected by the length of stay in the ICU (p<0.05). In patients without multi-organ failure, the risk increased minimally with each additional day of stay in the ICU (OR: 1.004, 95%CI: 0.97-1.04); however, in patients with multi-organ fail-ure, the risk increased by 5% for each additional day of stay in the ICU.Conclusions. The results of the present study highlight the importance of factors such as multi-organ failure, malnu-trition and the use of muscle relaxants in the development of polyneuropathy, myopathy and polyneuromyopathy in critically ill patients with prolonged hospitalization.