Evaluación de la actividad antifúngica de extractos de Ganoderma lucidum contra aislados clínicos de hongos filamentosos en humanos y animales

Ganoderma lucidum has been widely studied for their antitumoral,antioxidant, antibacterial and antiviral properties, but there are fewreports about antifungal activity. We evaluated the antifungal activityof extracts obtained from fruiting body, biomass produced in anoptimized culture medium and the optimized culture medium. The firstphase of our study was the culture medium optimization for biomassand phenolic compounds production, following two stages. Initially weused a Plackett-Burman design for identifying key components in themedium, and finally we used a central composite design for optimizingtheir concentration. The optimized medium comprised 50.00 gl -1sucrose, 13.29 gl-1 yeast extract and 2.99 gl -1 olive oil. The secondphase of our study included ethanolic extracts preparation and liquid-liquid fractioning with petroleum ether (benzene), dichloromethane(CH 2Cl2 ) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc); chemical characterization by thinlayer chromatography (TLC); and antifungal activity test againsthuman superficial mycoses isolates (Fusarium oxysporum, F. verticillio-ides, Aspergillus sp. and Microsporum gypseum) and animal mycosesisolates (F. solani, F. sporotrichioides, Aspergillus sp. and M. canis), bydisk diffusion test according to the Clinical and Laboratory StandardsInstitute (CLSI) guidelines. Chemical characterization showed similarmetabolite profiles for fruiting bodies and mycelium extracts (phenolics,steroids, terpenoids and flavonoids, except for coumarins and lactones),while terpenoids were only detected in the benzene fraction in culturemedium extracts. G. lucidum extracts antifungal activity was notdetected against Fusarium spp. and M. canis isolates. CH2Cl 2 and EtOAcfractions presented antifungal activity against Aspergillus spp. (humanand animal isolates) and M. gypseum, which corroborates the polarnature of G. lucidum bioactive compounds.