Estado de salud oral de pacientes hospitalizados con trastornos mentales: Revisión sistemática de la literatura

According to the literature, hospitalised patients with mental disorders have a higher risk of developing cavities and periodontal disease than the general population, associated with the motor difficulty to perform adequate oral hygiene, to the adverse effects caused by drugs for the control of psychiatric symptoms, as well as the lack of oral care and clinical care.

The aim was to carry out a systematic review of the literature on the oral health status of hospitalised patients with mental disorders (MD).

A systematic search of the literature was carried out in PubMed, according to the PRISMA statement methodology, through the MeSh health descriptors “Dental Caries” and “Mental Disorders” in February 2017.

According to the different filters that were applied, 14 articles describing the oral health status were obtained – through the DMF-T index (teeth with cavities, teeth with restorations, missing teeth and teeth with necessary extraction)– of hospitalised patients with MD.

The recognition of the importance of oral health by health professionals, carers and family members should be promoted; the oral cavity should be explored to determine the state of health in addition to instructing patients and support personnel in oral hygiene; mental health institutions should establish an intervention programme to eliminate oral infectious sites and then implement a multidisciplinary preventive programme to maintain oral health according to the MD diagnosis.