Enhancing urban E-commerce efficiency: a fleet composition benchmark

In Colombia’s competitive e-commerce market, accurately estimating last-mile delivery fleets is essential for reducing operational costs. The absence of comprehensive models with operational constraints leads to inefficient resource use and limits sustainable practices. This study proposes a heterogeneous fleet composition model to reduce costs and integrate electric and low-consumption vehicles. The methodology includes a literature review, operational characterization of the target company, and an optimization model for a tactical planning period. A Monte Carlo simulation evaluates demand uncertainty through various scenarios. Results indicate a 9.92% cost reduction and over 200% increase in electric vehicle usage within the fleet, supporting environmental goals. The proposed model offers a decision-making benchmark for Colombian e-commerce companies, enhancing competitiveness and contributing to reduced urban pollution.