Efecto genotóxico de la exposición ocupacional a insecticidas organofosforados y piretroides, evaluado por la prueba de micronúcleos: Revisión de la literatura.

Objective: Identify the relationship between the occupational exposure to organophosphorous and pyrethroid insecticides and the present of genotoxic damage, evaluated by the micronuclei (MN) assay, according to literature published between 2006 and 2017. Materials and methods: a bibliographic search was carried out in MEDLINE, EBSCO, Web of Science, selecting the studies in which MN was used as a biomarker for the genotoxic effect of insecticides in occupationally exposed population, in both oral mucosa cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes. The cualitative analysis of the state of art was based in the revision of 20 original investigation articles, which were analytic cross-section studies comparing exposed and unexposed population, published between 2006-2017. Results: Out of the 20 articles analyzed, 17 showed an increase in the MN frequency in the group exposed to insecticides, compared with the unexposed (Reference group). The mayority of the studies were carried out with rural population and only one of them was carried out with urban population. The investigations described exposure to a mixture of insecricides such as organophosphorous and pyrethroid, as well as an association between the time of exposure and a higher frequency of MN. Conclusion: Subjects occupationally exposed to insecticides have greater genetic damage with respect to unexposed subjects, determined by the MN test. Therefore, an increased risk of developing chronic noncommunicable diseases such as neurodegenetatives or cancer.