Differences in social anxiety between men and women across 18 countries

Vicente E. Caballo; Isabel C. Salazar; María Jesús Irurtia; Benito Arias; Stefan G. Hofmann; E. Barinaga; G. Bustamante; M. Correche; G. del Valle; L. Gómez; A. Grichener; M. Lipovetzky; L. Mariñelarena; M. Rivarola; P. Robles; S. Savoini; M. Tapia; D. Pinelo; B. Donato; R. Lopes; L. Lourenço; C. Neufeld; M. Oliveira; M. Wagner; P. álvarez; C. Guerra; S. Villanueva; C. Soto; M. Viveros; M. Arias; L. Ariza; D. Barreto; C. Benavides; G. Cajiao; C. Carmona; F. Coconubo; ó David; P. Díaz; N. Estupiñán; V. Gómez; M. Lemos; R. Mazo; A. Meneses; M. Ortega; S. Ramírez; L. Rocha; M. Varela; D. Villa-Roel; H. Cabezas; P. Beato; L. Blanco; Y. Ramírez; ó Olmedo; M. O. Olmedo; A. Zúñiga; G. Aguilar; A. Musso; R. Ardón; S. Anguiano; M. Ascencio; P. Balcázar; M. Bonilla; á Camarena; I. Carrillo; R. del Pino; E. Erosa; G. García; M. García; C. González; M. González; G. Gurrola; D. Hernández; S. Hernández; M. Karam; R. Landero; M. Lomelí; J. Olvera; F. Páez; C. Reyes; M. Ríos; R. Robles; A. Tapia; J. Tejero; P. Vázquez; M. Villaseñor; C. Bettina; A. Caballero; R. Estigarribia; M. Silva; V. Barreda; L. Benites; L. Dueñas; A. Galli; M. Grijalva; R. Guzmán; J. Marchena; C. Merino; M. Salazar; C. Segura; G. Verme; R. Barroso; F. Cardoso; P. Carvalho; M. Loureiro; E. Ribeiro; S. Fernández; N. Ortiz; J. Pons; E. Rosario; A. Santos; K. Suárez; C. Antona; P. Barbado; P. Bas; J. Delgado; M. Fernández; A. Goñi; V. Guillén; S. Lago; C. Loureiro; M. Muñoz; C. Rausell; S. Torrecillas; A. Conde; R. García; M. Golberg; M. Lagos; L. Moreira; A. Nassar; M. Reich; L. Scafarelli; L. Feldman; Z. Lugli; J. Pellicer; E. Vivas

doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.02.013

Differences in social anxiety between men and women across 18 countries

Vicente E. Caballo
, Isabel C. Salazar
, María Jesús Irurtia
, Benito Arias
, Stefan G. Hofmann
, E. Barinaga
, G. Bustamante
, M. Correche
, G. del Valle
, L. Gómez
, A. Grichener
, M. Lipovetzky
, L. Mariñelarena
, M. Rivarola
, P. Robles
, S. Savoini
, M. Tapia
, D. Pinelo
, B. Donato
, R. Lopes

L. Lourenço, C. Neufeld, M. Oliveira, M. Wagner, P. álvarez, C. Guerra, S. Villanueva, C. Soto, M. Viveros, M. Arias, L. Ariza, D. Barreto, C. Benavides, G. Cajiao, C. Carmona, F. Coconubo, ó David, P. Díaz, N. Estupiñán, V. Gómez, M. Lemos, R. Mazo, A. Meneses, M. Ortega, S. Ramírez, L. Rocha, M. Varela, D. Villa-Roel, H. Cabezas, P. Beato, L. Blanco, Y. Ramírez, ó Olmedo, M. O. Olmedo, A. Zúñiga, G. Aguilar, A. Musso, R. Ardón, S. Anguiano, M. Ascencio, P. Balcázar, M. Bonilla, á Camarena, I. Carrillo, R. del Pino, E. Erosa, G. García, M. García, C. González, M. González, G. Gurrola, D. Hernández, S. Hernández, M. Karam, R. Landero, M. Lomelí, J. Olvera, F. Páez, C. Reyes, M. Ríos, R. Robles, A. Tapia, J. Tejero, P. Vázquez, M. Villaseñor, C. Bettina, A. Caballero, R. Estigarribia, M. Silva, V. Barreda, L. Benites, L. Dueñas, A. Galli, M. Grijalva, R. Guzmán, J. Marchena, C. Merino, M. Salazar, C. Segura, G. Verme, R. Barroso, F. Cardoso, P. Carvalho, M. Loureiro, E. Ribeiro, S. Fernández, N. Ortiz, J. Pons, E. Rosario, A. Santos, K. Suárez, C. Antona, P. Barbado, P. Bas, J. Delgado, M. Fernández, A. Goñi, V. Guillén, S. Lago, C. Loureiro, M. Muñoz, C. Rausell, S. Torrecillas, A. Conde, R. García, M. Golberg, M. Lagos, L. Moreira, A. Nassar, M. Reich, L. Scafarelli, L. Feldman, Z. Lugli, J. Pellicer, E. Vivas

Department of Social Sciences

Universidad de Granada
University of Valladolid
Boston University

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

69 Scopus citations

Abstract

Sex differences between men and women in social anxiety are largely unexplored. This study sought to shed some light on this topic. We administered self-report measures of social anxiety to community samples of 17,672 women and 13,440 men from 16 Latin American countries, Spain and Portugal, as well as to a clinical sample of 601 patients diagnosed with social anxiety disorder. Small but significant differences were found between men and women in the general degree of social anxiety and self-reported fears of interactions with the opposite sex, criticism and embarrassment, and speaking in public-talking to people in authority. These results point to small, but meaningful differences between men and women in social anxiety. Implications of these results for the self-report measurement of social anxiety in men and women are discussed.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	35-40
Number of pages	6
Journal	Personality and Individual Differences
Volume	64
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.02.013
State	Published - Jul 2014

Keywords

Age differences
Cross-cultural differences
SAQ-A30
Sex differences
Social anxiety
Social phobia

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10.1016/j.paid.2014.02.013

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Caballo, V. E., Salazar, I. C., Irurtia, M. J., Arias, B., Hofmann, S. G., Barinaga, E., Bustamante, G., Correche, M., del Valle, G., Gómez, L., Grichener, A., Lipovetzky, M., Mariñelarena, L., Rivarola, M., Robles, P., Savoini, S., Tapia, M., Pinelo, D., Donato, B., ... Vivas, E. (2014). Differences in social anxiety between men and women across 18 countries. Personality and Individual Differences, 64, 35-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.02.013

@article{5097324c25ef49b19fd320988b0652e7,

title = "Differences in social anxiety between men and women across 18 countries",

abstract = "Sex differences between men and women in social anxiety are largely unexplored. This study sought to shed some light on this topic. We administered self-report measures of social anxiety to community samples of 17,672 women and 13,440 men from 16 Latin American countries, Spain and Portugal, as well as to a clinical sample of 601 patients diagnosed with social anxiety disorder. Small but significant differences were found between men and women in the general degree of social anxiety and self-reported fears of interactions with the opposite sex, criticism and embarrassment, and speaking in public-talking to people in authority. These results point to small, but meaningful differences between men and women in social anxiety. Implications of these results for the self-report measurement of social anxiety in men and women are discussed.",

keywords = "Age differences, Cross-cultural differences, SAQ-A30, Sex differences, Social anxiety, Social phobia",

author = "Caballo, \{Vicente E.\} and Salazar, \{Isabel C.\} and Irurtia, \{Mar{\'i}a Jes{\'u}s\} and Benito Arias and Hofmann, \{Stefan G.\} and E. Barinaga and G. Bustamante and M. Correche and \{del Valle\}, G. and L. G{\'o}mez and A. Grichener and M. Lipovetzky and L. Mari{\~n}elarena and M. Rivarola and P. Robles and S. Savoini and M. Tapia and D. Pinelo and B. Donato and R. Lopes and L. Louren{\c c}o and C. Neufeld and M. Oliveira and M. Wagner and P. {\'a}lvarez and C. Guerra and S. Villanueva and C. Soto and M. Viveros and M. Arias and L. Ariza and D. Barreto and C. Benavides and G. Cajiao and C. Carmona and F. Coconubo and {\'o} David and P. D{\'i}az and N. Estupi{\~n}{\'a}n and V. G{\'o}mez and M. Lemos and R. Mazo and A. Meneses and M. Ortega and S. Ram{\'i}rez and L. Rocha and M. Varela and D. Villa-Roel and H. Cabezas and P. Beato and L. Blanco and Y. Ram{\'i}rez and {\'o} Olmedo and Olmedo, \{M. O.\} and A. Z{\'u}{\~n}iga and G. Aguilar and A. Musso and R. Ard{\'o}n and S. Anguiano and M. Ascencio and P. Balc{\'a}zar and M. Bonilla and {\'a} Camarena and I. Carrillo and \{del Pino\}, R. and E. Erosa and G. Garc{\'i}a and M. Garc{\'i}a and C. Gonz{\'a}lez and M. Gonz{\'a}lez and G. Gurrola and D. Hern{\'a}ndez and S. Hern{\'a}ndez and M. Karam and R. Landero and M. Lomel{\'i} and J. Olvera and F. P{\'a}ez and C. Reyes and M. R{\'i}os and R. Robles and A. Tapia and J. Tejero and P. V{\'a}zquez and M. Villase{\~n}or and C. Bettina and A. Caballero and R. Estigarribia and M. Silva and V. Barreda and L. Benites and L. Due{\~n}as and A. Galli and M. Grijalva and R. Guzm{\'a}n and J. Marchena and C. Merino and M. Salazar and C. Segura and G. Verme and R. Barroso and F. Cardoso and P. Carvalho and M. Loureiro and E. Ribeiro and S. Fern{\'a}ndez and N. Ortiz and J. Pons and E. Rosario and A. Santos and K. Su{\'a}rez and C. Antona and P. Barbado and P. Bas and J. Delgado and M. Fern{\'a}ndez and A. Go{\~n}i and V. Guill{\'e}n and S. Lago and C. Loureiro and M. Mu{\~n}oz and C. Rausell and S. Torrecillas and A. Conde and R. Garc{\'i}a and M. Golberg and M. Lagos and L. Moreira and A. Nassar and M. Reich and L. Scafarelli and L. Feldman and Z. Lugli and J. Pellicer and E. Vivas",

note = "Funding Information: Stefan G. Hofmann is supported by a grant from the National Institute of Mental Health ( MH0078308 ) and is a consultant for Organon. Funding Information: This study was funded by a grant from Spain{\textquoteright}s Ministry of Science and Technology awarded to the research project with reference BSO2003-07029/PSCE and co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) . Financial assistance from the Foundation for the Advancement of Behavioral Clinical Psychology (FUNVECA) is also acknowledged. ",

year = "2014",

month = jul,

doi = "10.1016/j.paid.2014.02.013",

language = "English",

volume = "64",

pages = "35--40",

journal = "Personality and Individual Differences",

issn = "0191-8869",

publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",

}

Caballo, VE, Salazar, IC, Irurtia, MJ, Arias, B, Hofmann, SG, Barinaga, E, Bustamante, G, Correche, M, del Valle, G, Gómez, L, Grichener, A, Lipovetzky, M, Mariñelarena, L, Rivarola, M, Robles, P, Savoini, S, Tapia, M, Pinelo, D, Donato, B, Lopes, R, Lourenço, L, Neufeld, C, Oliveira, M, Wagner, M, álvarez, P, Guerra, C, Villanueva, S, Soto, C, Viveros, M, Arias, M, Ariza, L, Barreto, D, Benavides, C, Cajiao, G, Carmona, C, Coconubo, F, David, Ó, Díaz, P, Estupiñán, N, Gómez, V, Lemos, M, Mazo, R, Meneses, A, Ortega, M, Ramírez, S, Rocha, L, Varela, M, Villa-Roel, D, Cabezas, H, Beato, P, Blanco, L, Ramírez, Y, Olmedo, Ó, Olmedo, MO, Zúñiga, A, Aguilar, G, Musso, A, Ardón, R, Anguiano, S, Ascencio, M, Balcázar, P, Bonilla, M, Camarena, Á, Carrillo, I, del Pino, R, Erosa, E, García, G, García, M, González, C, González, M, Gurrola, G, Hernández, D, Hernández, S, Karam, M, Landero, R, Lomelí, M, Olvera, J, Páez, F, Reyes, C, Ríos, M, Robles, R, Tapia, A, Tejero, J, Vázquez, P, Villaseñor, M, Bettina, C, Caballero, A, Estigarribia, R, Silva, M, Barreda, V, Benites, L, Dueñas, L, Galli, A, Grijalva, M, Guzmán, R, Marchena, J, Merino, C, Salazar, M, Segura, C, Verme, G, Barroso, R, Cardoso, F, Carvalho, P, Loureiro, M, Ribeiro, E, Fernández, S, Ortiz, N, Pons, J, Rosario, E, Santos, A, Suárez, K, Antona, C, Barbado, P, Bas, P, Delgado, J, Fernández, M, Goñi, A, Guillén, V, Lago, S, Loureiro, C, Muñoz, M, Rausell, C, Torrecillas, S, Conde, A, García, R, Golberg, M, Lagos, M, Moreira, L, Nassar, A, Reich, M, Scafarelli, L, Feldman, L, Lugli, Z, Pellicer, J & Vivas, E 2014, 'Differences in social anxiety between men and women across 18 countries', Personality and Individual Differences, vol. 64, pp. 35-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.02.013

TY - JOUR

T1 - Differences in social anxiety between men and women across 18 countries

AU - Caballo, Vicente E.

AU - Salazar, Isabel C.

AU - Irurtia, María Jesús

AU - Arias, Benito

AU - Hofmann, Stefan G.

AU - Barinaga, E.

AU - Bustamante, G.

AU - Correche, M.

AU - del Valle, G.

AU - Gómez, L.

AU - Grichener, A.

AU - Lipovetzky, M.

AU - Mariñelarena, L.

AU - Rivarola, M.

AU - Robles, P.

AU - Savoini, S.

AU - Tapia, M.

AU - Pinelo, D.

AU - Donato, B.

AU - Lopes, R.

AU - Lourenço, L.

AU - Neufeld, C.

AU - Oliveira, M.

AU - Wagner, M.

AU - álvarez, P.

AU - Guerra, C.

AU - Villanueva, S.

AU - Soto, C.

AU - Viveros, M.

AU - Arias, M.

AU - Ariza, L.

AU - Barreto, D.

AU - Benavides, C.

AU - Cajiao, G.

AU - Carmona, C.

AU - Coconubo, F.

AU - David, ó

AU - Díaz, P.

AU - Estupiñán, N.

AU - Gómez, V.

AU - Lemos, M.

AU - Mazo, R.

AU - Meneses, A.

AU - Ortega, M.

AU - Ramírez, S.

AU - Rocha, L.

AU - Varela, M.

AU - Villa-Roel, D.

AU - Cabezas, H.

AU - Beato, P.

AU - Blanco, L.

AU - Ramírez, Y.

AU - Olmedo, ó

AU - Olmedo, M. O.

AU - Zúñiga, A.

AU - Aguilar, G.

AU - Musso, A.

AU - Ardón, R.

AU - Anguiano, S.

AU - Ascencio, M.

AU - Balcázar, P.

AU - Bonilla, M.

AU - Camarena, á

AU - Carrillo, I.

AU - del Pino, R.

AU - Erosa, E.

AU - García, G.

AU - García, M.

AU - González, C.

AU - González, M.

AU - Gurrola, G.

AU - Hernández, D.

AU - Hernández, S.

AU - Karam, M.

AU - Landero, R.

AU - Lomelí, M.

AU - Olvera, J.

AU - Páez, F.

AU - Reyes, C.

AU - Ríos, M.

AU - Robles, R.

AU - Tapia, A.

AU - Tejero, J.

AU - Vázquez, P.

AU - Villaseñor, M.

AU - Bettina, C.

AU - Caballero, A.

AU - Estigarribia, R.

AU - Silva, M.

AU - Barreda, V.

AU - Benites, L.

AU - Dueñas, L.

AU - Galli, A.

AU - Grijalva, M.

AU - Guzmán, R.

AU - Marchena, J.

AU - Merino, C.

AU - Salazar, M.

AU - Segura, C.

AU - Verme, G.

AU - Barroso, R.

AU - Cardoso, F.

AU - Carvalho, P.

AU - Loureiro, M.

AU - Ribeiro, E.

AU - Fernández, S.

AU - Ortiz, N.

AU - Pons, J.

AU - Rosario, E.

AU - Santos, A.

AU - Suárez, K.

AU - Antona, C.

AU - Barbado, P.

AU - Bas, P.

AU - Delgado, J.

AU - Fernández, M.

AU - Goñi, A.

AU - Guillén, V.

AU - Lago, S.

AU - Loureiro, C.

AU - Muñoz, M.

AU - Rausell, C.

AU - Torrecillas, S.

AU - Conde, A.

AU - García, R.

AU - Golberg, M.

AU - Lagos, M.

AU - Moreira, L.

AU - Nassar, A.

AU - Reich, M.

AU - Scafarelli, L.

AU - Feldman, L.

AU - Lugli, Z.

AU - Pellicer, J.

AU - Vivas, E.

N1 - Funding Information: Stefan G. Hofmann is supported by a grant from the National Institute of Mental Health ( MH0078308 ) and is a consultant for Organon. Funding Information: This study was funded by a grant from Spain’s Ministry of Science and Technology awarded to the research project with reference BSO2003-07029/PSCE and co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) . Financial assistance from the Foundation for the Advancement of Behavioral Clinical Psychology (FUNVECA) is also acknowledged.

PY - 2014/7

Y1 - 2014/7

N2 - Sex differences between men and women in social anxiety are largely unexplored. This study sought to shed some light on this topic. We administered self-report measures of social anxiety to community samples of 17,672 women and 13,440 men from 16 Latin American countries, Spain and Portugal, as well as to a clinical sample of 601 patients diagnosed with social anxiety disorder. Small but significant differences were found between men and women in the general degree of social anxiety and self-reported fears of interactions with the opposite sex, criticism and embarrassment, and speaking in public-talking to people in authority. These results point to small, but meaningful differences between men and women in social anxiety. Implications of these results for the self-report measurement of social anxiety in men and women are discussed.

AB - Sex differences between men and women in social anxiety are largely unexplored. This study sought to shed some light on this topic. We administered self-report measures of social anxiety to community samples of 17,672 women and 13,440 men from 16 Latin American countries, Spain and Portugal, as well as to a clinical sample of 601 patients diagnosed with social anxiety disorder. Small but significant differences were found between men and women in the general degree of social anxiety and self-reported fears of interactions with the opposite sex, criticism and embarrassment, and speaking in public-talking to people in authority. These results point to small, but meaningful differences between men and women in social anxiety. Implications of these results for the self-report measurement of social anxiety in men and women are discussed.

KW - Age differences

KW - Cross-cultural differences

KW - SAQ-A30

KW - Sex differences

KW - Social anxiety

KW - Social phobia

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/84897650227

U2 - 10.1016/j.paid.2014.02.013

DO - 10.1016/j.paid.2014.02.013

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:84897650227

SN - 0191-8869

VL - 64

SP - 35

EP - 40

JO - Personality and Individual Differences

JF - Personality and Individual Differences

ER -

Differences in social anxiety between men and women across 18 countries

Abstract

Keywords

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