Descripción y prevalencia de las anomalías del sistema nervioso central en los programas de vigilancia de defectos congénitos en Bogotá y Cali, Colombia, en el periodo del 2001 a 2016

Background: In Colombia, for 2015, the Central Nervous System (CNS) anomalies constituted 16% of the mortality due to congenital anomalies, a high survival rate that generates chronicity in the patient's management and increase in the socioeconomic burden.Objective: Describe the clinical characteristics and prevalence of CNS anomalies in Bogotá and Cali from 2001 to 2016.Materials and Methods: Information was obtained from the PVSACB and PVSACC (Programas de Vigilancia y Seguimiento de Anomalías Congénitas de Bogotá y Cali) performing a retrospective analysis based on the ECLAMC case and control design. The CNS anomalies were organized according to their presentation in isolated, polymalformed and syndromic. The proportion of cases and controls was 1:4. The frequency distribution and the quantitative variables were analyzed with Student's t-testResults: Out of 488,521 births, 924 CNS anomalies and 3,696 controls were found, a rate of 18.91 x 10,000 live births. The frequent malformations were hydrocephalus (4.24 x 10,000), microcephaly (3.95 x 10,000) and neural tube defects (NTD) (3.54 x 10,000). A statistically significant difference was found between weight, height and gestational age between cases and controlsConclusion: There is higher prevalence of CNS anomalies in Colombia, with association with preterm birth and low birth weight.