Conocimiento científico de los efectos del cambio climático sobre la biodiversidad continental: productividad de las instituciones colombianas y propuesta para un análisis integral

Understanding the effects of climate change (CC) on biodiversity is complex because it involves multiple scales of biodiversity, biotic interactions, phenology, asynchronies, and spatial scales. By reviewing publications on the relationship between CC and biodiversity, the areas of knowledge and institutions that contribute to understanding the subject were identified. We found 65,169 documents in peer-review literature databases, of which more than 70% were published in the last eight years. About 20 Colombian institutions (304 publications) have produced new knowledge on the subject, and in the last eight years have increased the number of knowledge areas worked, from 23 to 40 areas. Colombian institutions have collaborated with up to 500 institutions globally to produce new knowledge on the subject. In this work we propose five levels to understand the effects of CC on continental biodiversity and a conceptual diagram for their integration: (1) Geographic displacement in the distribution of species, (2) Changes in phenology: migration, flowering, and reproduction of individuals, (3) Modifications in morphology, body size and behavior in populations, (4) Modification of the structure of communities, and (5) Modification of biotic interactions. Finally, we identify challenges for the scientific research for understanding the effects of CC on biodiversity, evidence synergies between research topics, and propose key monitoring elements for the construction of indicators.