TY - JOUR
T1 - Comparative analysis of AQP4-IgG-positive and AQP4-IgG-negative NMOSD
T2 - A multicenter study in Latin America
AU - Alonso, Ricardo
AU - Navas, Carlos
AU - Balbuena, María Eugenia
AU - Fernández Liguori, Nora Aurora Rosa
AU - Reyes, Saúl
AU - Gómez Figueroa, Enrique
AU - Carnero Contentti, Edgar Carnero
AU - Soto, Ibis
AU - Zarco, Luis
AU - Flores Rivera, José de Jesús
AU - Zuluaga Rodas, María Isabel
AU - Sánchez Rosales, Nayeli A.
AU - Becker, Jefferson
AU - Treviño Frenk, Irene
AU - Ciampi, Ethel
AU - Correa Díaz, Edgar Patricio
AU - Gracia, Fernando
AU - Franco, César
AU - Restrepo-Aristizábal, Carolina
AU - Uribe-Vizcarra, Valeria
AU - Ramírez, José Alejandro
AU - Vintimilla Pesantez, Santiago Andrés
AU - García Acosta, Jordi
AU - Giraldo, David
AU - Mendoza de Salazar, Sandra
AU - González, Cecilia
AU - Márquez-Pedroza, Jazmín
AU - Toro, Jaime
AU - Noriega, Juan Pablo
AU - Guerrero-Udave, Natali
AU - Chaves, Andrea
AU - Sánchez Uribe, Estefanía
AU - Londoño Aristizábal, Juan Pablo
AU - Galleguillos, Lorna
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2025
PY - 2025/12
Y1 - 2025/12
N2 - Background: NMOSD is a rare autoimmune disorder with variable clinical presentations depending on AQP4-IgG serostatus. While AQP4-IgG-positive NMOSD is well described, data on seronegative cases, especially in Latin America, remain limited. Objective: To characterize the demographic and clinical features of NMOSD in Latin America, comparing AQP4-IgG-positive and AQP4-IgG-negative cases. Methods: A retrospective multicenter cohort study was conducted across Latin American NMOSD-specialized centers. Patients meeting the 2015-IPND diagnostic criteria were included. Results: Of the of 875 patients, 791 were included: 613 AQP4-IgG-positive and 178 AQP4-IgG-negative. AQP4-IgG-positive patients were more often female (87.4 % vs. 81.5 %, p = 0.05) and had a higher age at onset (41.4 vs. 38.0 years, p < 0.01). They more frequently presented with unilateral optic neuritis (30.1 % vs. 20.2 %, p < 0.01) and area postrema syndrome (9.3 % vs. 3.9 %, p < 0.01). Median EDSS at diagnosis was higher in the seronegative group (4.2 vs. 3.9, p < 0.01). Diagnostic delay was longer in this group as well, though not statistically significant. Older age at onset was the only independent predictor of AQP4-IgG positivity (OR = 1.02, p = 0.028). Conclusions: AQP4-IgG-positive and seronegative NMOSD differ in clinical and demographic features, underscoring the need for tailored diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
AB - Background: NMOSD is a rare autoimmune disorder with variable clinical presentations depending on AQP4-IgG serostatus. While AQP4-IgG-positive NMOSD is well described, data on seronegative cases, especially in Latin America, remain limited. Objective: To characterize the demographic and clinical features of NMOSD in Latin America, comparing AQP4-IgG-positive and AQP4-IgG-negative cases. Methods: A retrospective multicenter cohort study was conducted across Latin American NMOSD-specialized centers. Patients meeting the 2015-IPND diagnostic criteria were included. Results: Of the of 875 patients, 791 were included: 613 AQP4-IgG-positive and 178 AQP4-IgG-negative. AQP4-IgG-positive patients were more often female (87.4 % vs. 81.5 %, p = 0.05) and had a higher age at onset (41.4 vs. 38.0 years, p < 0.01). They more frequently presented with unilateral optic neuritis (30.1 % vs. 20.2 %, p < 0.01) and area postrema syndrome (9.3 % vs. 3.9 %, p < 0.01). Median EDSS at diagnosis was higher in the seronegative group (4.2 vs. 3.9, p < 0.01). Diagnostic delay was longer in this group as well, though not statistically significant. Older age at onset was the only independent predictor of AQP4-IgG positivity (OR = 1.02, p = 0.028). Conclusions: AQP4-IgG-positive and seronegative NMOSD differ in clinical and demographic features, underscoring the need for tailored diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
KW - Epidemiology
KW - Immunology
KW - Neuromyelitis optica (NMO)
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105018885787
UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/b6c0476e-072b-3e77-8b58-023c21ac2c2e/
U2 - 10.1016/j.msard.2025.106787
DO - 10.1016/j.msard.2025.106787
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:105018885787
SN - 2211-0348
VL - 104
JO - Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders
JF - Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders
M1 - 106787
ER -