Asociación entre factores de riesgo biomecánicos y desórdenes musculoesqueléticos en una muestra de trabajadores administrativos, en Bogotá (Colombia)

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are one of the most common occupational diseases worldwide and can be caused by sociodemographic conditions such asage or gender, as well as by exposure to biomechanical hazards. Biomechanical risk is associated with those postures or movements that generate tissue damage such as prolonged postures, repetitive movements and physical effort. MSDs affect workers' health, productivity and the development of their daily activities; on the other hand, they generate high costs for organizations due to work incapacity and therapeutic treatments. The purpose of this article is to determine the relationship between MSD symptoms with age, sex and biomechanical risk factors such as repetitive movements, manual lifting, and sustained, prolonged and awkward postures. For the research development, a Nordic questionnaire was used with the participation of 208 workers who perform office work in the city of Bogotá, Colombia. Each worker was asked about their sociodemographic characteristics, working conditions and whether they had pain in the following body segments: neck, shoulders, arms, hands and wrists. Statistical analysis was performed with binary logistic regression tests using R Studio statistical software. A statistically significant relationship was determined between gender and MSDs in the neck (p 0.005), left shoulder (p 0.006) and right arm (p 0.010). Age was related to MSD symptomatology in the right male (p 0.037). Prolonged postures were associated with MSD in the neck (p 0.003) and right hand-wrist (p 0.017). Awkward postures showed correlation with MSDs in the right shoulder (p 0.018) and left hand-wrist (p 0.021). In conclusion, in this research MSDs in the administrative population are mainly determined by gender - women were more affected than men, as they presented MSDs in the neck, left shoulder and right arm. In addition, the posture required by the job influenced the onset of these disorders, since prolonged postures were associated with pain in the neck and right hand-wrist, and awkward postures were correlated with pain in the right shoulder and left hand-wrist.