Asociación entre enfermedad periodontal y disfunción endotelial. Revisión sistemática de la literatura

Background: Periodontitis is a chronic infectious disease of the supporting structures of the teeth that cause a chronic inflammatory response and, in recent years, has been associated with cardiovascular events. Objective: Determine if periodontal disease is a risk factor for endothelial dysfunction in patients with an age range between 40 and 80 years through a systematic review of the literature. Methods: Eight databases were searched to identify related literature including patients in the age range aimed. Results: We identified five articles of which four were about randomized trials and cohort study. Two studies evaluated flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery, which showed improvement six months after periodontal treatment improves (IPT) (7.1% to 8.4% and 4.12% to 11.12%). Serum levels of IL-6 decreased but only one study reported statistically significant decrease (1.3 pg/ ml to 0.8 pg/ml six months after the IPT). As serum levels of CRP only one study reported statistically significant decrease six months after IPT (1.8 mg/l at 1.1 mg/l). One study reported on the first day of increased levels of inflammatory biomarkers (IL-6 and PCR). Conclusion: We found no articles linking periodontal disease as a risk factor for endothelial dysfunction. However, the findings of this review we conclude that IPT improves long-term endothelial function, but the degree of improvement does not correlate directly with changes in inflammatory biomarkers.