Humpback whales in Bahia Malaga-Pacific coast of Colombia: health and anthropogenic stressors.

The rapid growth the tourism activity had generated that the local community considers it as an economically viable activity (Orams, 2014; Ku et al, 2014; Soto, 2016), however it had produced pressures on the humpback whale population (Megaptera novaeangliae) (Pardo, 2000, Richter et al, 2006; Stamation et al, 2010). Most studies show the impact of the tourism industry on cetacean populations, although there has been an emphasis on the biophysical dimension and mono-disciplinary perspectives. Therefore, an approach to this problem is by socio-ecological perspective that provides an integrated characterization of the links between whales and humans in the activity context, additionally, it increases the explanatory capacity of the context patterns had are not evident when there are studied by a mono-disciplinary perspective (Berks & Folke, 1998., Hadjimichael et al., 2003 in Hoyt & Iñiguez, 2008., Ostrom, 2009., McGinnis & Ostrom, 2014).